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1ADesignofTeachingforUnit3InventorsandinventionsPeriod2Grammar:ThePastParticipleasAttribute,PredicativeandObjectComplementⅠTeachingGoalsEnablethestudentstomastertheusageofthepastparticiplesaspredicative,attributeandobjectcomplementbetterbyrevisingit.ⅡTeachingimportant＆difficultpointsToanalyseanddistinguishthedifferentusageofthepastparticipleintheconcretecontext.ⅢTeachingmethodsExplanation,Practice.ⅣTeachingaidsablackboard.TeachingDesignProcedure1.ThebasicflowchartofteachingRevision→Presentationandexercise→Testforgoal→Summary→Post-teaching2.Teachingsituation:Step1:动词-ed形式作定语过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧,渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词(theParticipleAdjective),实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词,除表示“完成”的动作之外,还表示“被动”的意义。如：spokenEnglish(英语口语)；icedbeer(冰冻啤酒)；cookedfood(熟食);friedchips(炸土豆条);【重点和难点】——前置定语和后置定语1.不及物动词的过去分词也可作定语，一般作前置定语，不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。如：fallenleaves落叶；retiredworkers退休工人；therisensun升起的太阳。2.如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no+thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those或these等时，即使是单一的过去分词作定语，也要放在被修饰词的后面。如：ThereisnothingchangedheresinceIleftthistown.3.过去分词短语有时还可用作非限制性定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，前后用逗号分开。如：Someofthem,bornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverseenatrain.4.用作前置定语的过去分词通常来自及物动词，带有被动意义和完成意义。例如：Welikeskatinginthefrozenlakeinthewinter.=Welikeskatinginthelakewhichhasbeenfrozeninthewinter.Howmanyfinishedproductshaveyougotuptonow?=Howmanyproductsthathavebeenfinishedhaveyougotuptonow?a)来自不及物动词的过去分词很少能单独用作前置定语，能作这样用的仅限以下几个词，这时仅表示完成意义，不表示被动意义。例如：aretiredworker=aworkerwhohasretiredanescapedprisoner=aprisonerwhohasescapedafaded/witheredflower=aflowerthathasfaded/witheredfallenleaves=leavesthathavefallentherisensun=thesunthathasjustrisen2areturnedstudent=astudentwhohasreturnedvanishedtreasure=treasurethathasvanishedb)用作后置定语的过去分词通常也来自及物动词，表示被动意义和完成意义。这时过去分词相当于一个定语从句。例如：1.Thingsseenarebetterthanthingsheard.=Thingswhichareseenarebetterthanthingswhichareheard.2.Isthereanythingplannedfortonight?(=thathasbeenplannedfortonight)3.Themeeting,attendedbyalotofpeople,wasasuccess．(=whichwasattendedbyalotofpeople)【辨析】过去分词与动词-ing形式作定语时的区别：动词-ing形式作定语时与所修饰的名词之间是主动关系，表示动作正在进行；而过去分词作定语时，则表示被动或完成意义。如：MrSmith,tiredoftheboringspeech,startedtoreadanovel.Theprizeofthegameshowis$30,000andanallexpensespaidvacationtoChina.Step2动词-ed形式作表语过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意，而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。如：1.Helookedworriedafterreadingtheletter．看完信后,他显得很忧虑。2.Whenweheardofit,weweredeeplymoved．当我们听到这件事时,被深深地感动了。3.Heseemedquitedelightedattheidea．听到这个想法,他似乎很高兴。【辨析】1.过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的状态和特征，而被动语态则表示动作。如：Thecupwasbrokenbymylittlesisteryesterday.Thelibraryisnowclosed.2.过去分词作表语与动词-ing形式作表语的区别：过去分词作表语表示被动或完成，动词-ing形式作表语表示主动或进行。如：Shewasembarrassedbecauseshedidn’tknowtheanswer.Today’smeetingwasboring.3.有些动词如interest,worry,surprise,frighten等通常用其过去分词形式来说明人的情况，用动词-ing形式来说明物的情况。如：ThebookisinterestingandI’minterestedinit.常见的作表语的过去分词有:amused(愉快的)；broken(碎了的)；closed(关闭的)；astonished(吃惊的)；crowded(拥挤的)；experienced(有经验的);delighted(高兴的)；lost(丢失的)；gone(遗失的)；disappointed(失望的)；worried(担忧的)；interested(感兴趣的)；tired(疲劳的)pleased(高兴的)；satisfied(满意的)；surprised(吃惊的);married(已婚的)；known(著名的)【注意】作表语的-ed形式可被much,very,quite等所修饰。如：1.Iwasverypleasedatthenews．听了这消息我很高兴。2.Hegrewmuchtiredofthework．他十分厌倦这工作。3.Heseemedquitedelightedattheidea.听了这想法他似乎很高兴。Step3动词-ed形式作宾语补足语3能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。如：1.Shefoundthedoorbrokeninwhenshecameback．她回来时发现有人破门而人。2.Mygrandfatherhadhisoldhouserebuilt我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。3.Willyoupleasemakeyourselfheardtous,please?请你大声点让我们都听到你说的话？【注意】少数不及物动词的过去分词用作宾补时,强调动作完成后的状态。如：Theyfoundalltheguestsgonewhentheywokeup.当他们醒来时,发现所有的客人都走了【归纳】1.动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的基本用法动词的-ed形式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中,动词-ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改为被动语态,原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。如：1)Imustgetmybikerepaired．(宾语补足语)2)Thegirlwasfoundbeatenblackandblue(主语补足语)．人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。2.动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括see,hear,watch,notice,feel,find,think,suppose,consider等。1)Wethoughtthegamelost．我们认为球赛输了。2)Ihaveneverheardhimspokenillofothers.我从未听过有人说他的坏话。3)Shefeltagreatweighttakenoffhermind．她觉得心里轻松了些。4)Theyconsideredthemattersettled．他们认为这问题解决了。3.动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括make,get,have,keep,leave,hold等。1)Ihavemyhaircutonceamonth．我每个月理一次发。2)Hewastryingtomakehimselfunderstood．他正努力使别人听懂自己。3)Sheheldherhandspressedagainstherface.她用双手按着脸。【补充】1.“have+宾语+done”结构有三个含义①(请人)把某事做完。Shehadherhouserepaired．Wheredidyouhaveyourhaircut?②遭遇某种意外情况。Hehadhishatblownawayonhiswayhome．Shehadherwalletstolenyesterday.③完成某事(自己也可能参与)。Ihavehadallmyspellingmistakescorrected．Hehashadonethousandyuansavedthisyear．2.动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括like,want,wish,expect,order等”这一类动词的后面作宾语补足语。Hewon’tlikesuchquestionsdiscussedatthemeeting．ThestudentswishtheTVserialplayscontinued．3.过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中,过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。4Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.小偷被带进来了,双手被反绑在后面。Withmanybrightlycoloredflowersplantedaroundthebuilding,hishouselookslikeabeautifulgarden．周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花,他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的花园。Step4TestforGoalDesignPurpose:Tohelpthestudentsstrengthenthegrammarrulestheyhavejustlearntbypracticingsomeexercises.T&Ssactivities:TguidesSstodosomeexercises.Eith