个人收集整理资料,仅供交流学习,勿作商业用途1/1028.TheEnergyCrisis[危机]of1973andNixon'sEnergyPolicies.1973年能源危机与尼克松总统的应对政策、1.Theenergycrisisof1973underscored[(underscore:强调]thenecessity[n.必要性]Ofdevelopingacoordinated[(coordinate:协调的]nationalenergypolicyandconcentrating[(concentrate:v集中]thegovernment'svariousenergyprogramsintooneagency[n.机构].OnApril18,1973,sixmonthsbeforerenewed[(renew:v.重新开始]conflict[n.冲突]intheMiddleEast,PresidentNixonnotedthattheUnitedStates,with6percentoftheworld'spopulation,consumedone-thirdoftheworld'senergy.Intheimmediatefuture,thepresidentpredicted[(predict:v.预言],theUnitedStatesmightfaceenergyshortages[(shortage:n.缺乏,不足]andincreasedprices.Again,asin1971,Nixoncautioned[(caution:n.提醒]thatAmerica'senergychallengecouldbecomeanenergycrisisifcurrenttrendscontinuedunchecked[a.未加抑制的].Declaring[(declare:vt.断言]thattheNation'senergydemandshadgrownsorapidlythattheynowoutstripped[(outstrip:v.超过]availablesupplies,thePresidentamended[(amend:vt.修改]his1971proposalforacabinet[n.内阁]departmentbyrequesting[(request:n.请求,个人收集整理资料,仅供交流学习,勿作商业用途2/10要求]Congress[议会]toestablishadepartmentofenergyandnaturalresourceswithresponsibility[职责]forenergypolicyandmanagementaswellasresearchanddevelopment.Meanwhile,NixonestablishedtheSpecialEnergyCommittee[n.委员会]ofsenior[adj.高级的]WhiteHouseadvisors[(advisor:n.顾问],includingspecialassistantsfordomestic[a.国内的],foreign,andeconomicaffairs,andtheNationalEnergyOffice,headedbyCharlesJ.DiBona,toidentify[发现]issues[问题]andcoordinate[v.协调]energyanalysis[分析]betweenthevariousoffices[部门]andagencies[(agency:n.机构].1、1973年的能源危机突出地表明,制定一个协调的国家能源政策以及将政府各个能源工程集中在同一部门是极为必要的。1973年4月18日,在中东冲突卷土重来的前六个月,尼克松总统指出:占世界人口百分之六的美国消耗了地球上三分之一的能源。他预言,在不久的将来,美国将面临能源短缺及其价格的飙升。尼克松再次如1971年那样,提出警告说,如果目前的趋势得不到控制,美国所面临的难题将会演变成能源危机。他断言,国家的能源需求增长过速,目前已超过了供给能力,于是尼克松总统修改了1971年对内阁的建议,请求议会建立一个能源与自然资源部门,专门负责能源的政策和管理,及其研究与开发。与此同时,尼克松还设立了一个由白宫高级顾问组成的特别能源委员会,其中包括国内外及经济事务个人收集整理资料,仅供交流学习,勿作商业用途3/10特别助理,以及由CharlesJ、DiBona领导的国家能源办公室,他们的任务是发现问题、协调不同部门和机构对能源的分析与研究。b5E2RGbCAP单词:underscore=强调;necessity=必要性;coordinate=协调;concentrate=集中;agency=机构;renew=重新开始;conflict=冲突;predicte=预言;shortage=短缺;caution=警告;unchecked=未受制止的;declare=断言;outstrip=超过;amend=修正;cabinet=内阁;request=请求;congress=议会;committee=委员会;senior=高级;advisor=顾问;domestic=国内的;identify=识别;coordinate=协调;analysis=分析;p1EanqFDPw2.Nixon'sproposalforadepartmentofenergyandnaturalresourcesstalled[(stall:拖延]inCongress[议会].TheHouse[众议院]andSenate[参议院]heldsubcommittee[n.附属委员会]hearings[(hearing:n.听证会],buttheproposalreceivednofurtherattentionduring1973.Althoughhedidnotabandon[v.放弃]hopeforanenergydepartment,thePresident,turnedto[启用]immediate,interim[a.临时的]solutionstotheorganizational[a.组织机构的]problem.AttheurgingofRoyL.Ash,directoroftheOfficeofManagementandBudget[n.预算,],NixonestablishedtheEnergyPolicyOffice,whichcombinedandexpanded[(expand:扩大]个人收集整理资料,仅供交流学习,勿作商业用途4/10theresponsibilitiesoftheSpecialEnergyCommitteeandtheNationalEnergyOffice.ThenewEnergyPolicyOfficeestablishedonJune29,1973,undertheleadershipofGovernorJohnA.LoveofColorado[n.科罗拉多州],withDiBonaremainingattheWhiteHouseasLove'sdeputy,wasresponsibleforformulating[(formulate:阐述]andcoordinating[(coordinate:v.协调]energypoliciesatthepresidentiallevel.NixonalsoproposedcreatingtheEnergyResearchandDevelopmentAdministration[n.行政部门]todevelopthegovernment'senergyresearchprogramsandtoworkwithindustryindevelopingandfostering[(foster:v培育]newenergytechnologies.ThenewadministrationwouldcombinetheenergyresearchanddevelopmentactivitiesoftheAtomic[a.原子的]EnergyCommission[v.委员会]andtheDepartmentoftheInterior[adj.内部的].TheAtomic[a.原子的]EnergyCommission'slicensing[审批]andregulatory[立法]responsibilitieswouldcontinueintheindependent[a.独立的]five-memberNuclearEnergyCommission.DXDiTa9E3d2、尼克松的(设立能源和自然资源部门的建议遭到议会的搁置。尽管众参两院举行了附属委员会的听证,该提议在1973年期间并没有得到更多的关注。但尼克松总统并没有放弃,他立即启用了组织机构问题的临时解决方案,在联邦预算和管理局局长Royl、Ash个人收集整理资料,仅供交流学习,勿作商业用途5/10的督促下,能源政策办公室成立了,该办公室将特别能源委员会和国家能源办公室合并,并且扩大了职责范围。新的能源政策办公室成立于1973年6月29日,由科罗拉多州州长JohnA、Love领导,DiBona作为JohnA、Love的副手,留在在白宫里负责阐述和协调总统级别的能源政策问题。与此同时,尼克松总统还提议建立能源研发局,进行政府的能源工程研究,并与工业界合作开发和培育新的能源技术。新设立的部门将兼并(美国核能委员会和(美国内务部所负责的能源研究和开发活动。核能委员会的审批及立法职能仍由其五人独立委员会承担。RTCrpUDGiT单词:stall=停止;subcommittee=附属委员会;hearing=听证会;abandon=放弃;interim=临时的;organizational=组织机构的的;budget=预算;expand=扩展;formulate=阐明;foster=培育;technology=技术;administration=行政部门;atomic=原子;interior=内部的;license=审批;regulatory=立法;independent=独立的;5PCzVD7HxA3.BySeptember1973thePresident,whileasserting[(assert:v.声称]theNationwasnotyetinanenergycrisis,continuedtostress[强调]America'senergyproblem.Nixonespeciallyencouragedcongressional[a议会的]enactment[通过]offourbills[法案]toprovidefortheconstructionoftheAlaskan[a.阿拉斯加的]pipeline[n.管道]anddeepwater[深水]ports,deregulation[n.违反规定]of个人收集整理资料,仅供交流学习,勿作商业用途6/10naturalgas,andnewstandards[(standard:标准]forsurfacemining[采矿].HealsoexpressedhopethatCongress[议会]wouldquicklyauthorize[批准]theDepartmentofEnergyandNaturalResourcesandtheEnergyResearchandDevelopmentAdministration.UnfortunatelywarbrokeoutintheMiddleEastonOctober6,1973.America'senergychallengeandproblemwouldsoonbecomeabonaf