轻工业纤维素生物质过程残渣能源化技术

:200753(No.20606034)33e2mail:[e-mail]333(100080),,,,50%80%,,,,:TK6;TQ35:A:10052281X(2007)07P821164213EnergyProductionwithLight2IndustryBiomassProcessResiduesRichinCelluloseXuGuangwen33JiWenfengWanYinhuaLiuChunzhao(InstituteofProcessEngineering,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100080,China)AbstractAsakindoftypicalprocessindustries,lightindustrywithagriculturalfeedstockhastoproducesolidwastematerials,whicharecalledprocessresidues,alongwithitsconversionofthefeedstockintofood,drink,medicineandpaperproducts.Typicalprocessresiduesfromlightindustryincludebagasse,leesofspirit,alcoholandvinegar,groundsofChineseherbs,teaandcoffee,cakesofoilandsoysauce,debrisofantibioticandorganicacids,andsolublegrainsinliquors.Beingproducedincertainindustrialprocesses,theseresiduesrepresentakindofbiomassresourcesthatareconcentratedalreadyandrichincellulose,proteinorlignin.Buttheyarealsopotentialpollutantsbecausetheresiduesareeasytorotattheirwatercontentsof50%80%,whilesomeofthemareevenslightlyacidicandalkaline.Thearticleconcernsthecomprehensiveutilizationoflight2industrybiomassprocessresidues.Oncompositionbasisitarguesthatproductionofenergyisthesuitablewaytousetheresiduesrichincellulose,includingbagasse,leesofspiritandvinegar,groundsofChineseherbs,teaandcoffee,andleftoverscrapsinpaperindustry.Afteradiscussiononthefeasibletechnicalroutestoimplementtheenergyproduction,anoverviewismadetoclarifythestatusandtrendsoftherelatedtechnologiescoveringdewateringPdrying,combustionandgasificationforthermochemicalconversionandethanolandbiogasfermentationsforbioconversion.Thisresultedinasuggestionofanarrayofoptionaltechnologiesforproducingenergyfromcellulosiclight2industrybiomassprocessresiduesatdifferentenergycapacities.Keywordsprocessresidue;lightindustry;biomasscombustion;biomassgasification;bioethanol;biogas197P820078PROGRESSINCHEMISTRYVol.19No.7P8Aug.,20071,35%,70%2,5500[1],3000[2],2000[3],2000[4],1000[5],1300(900)[6]2000,210%15%,50%5000,,(),,50%80%,,,(2004):39106,[7],,13:,,,,,1,,,9000,30001800150(:500P),,6000CO2120SOxNOx(2%),,P3,,light2industrybiomassprocessresiduesresiduesrichincellulosebagasse;leesofspiritandvinegar;groundsoftea,coffeeandChineseherbs;leftovermaterialsinpaperindustryresiduesrichinproteinoilcake;debrisofantibioticandorganicacids(glutamic,lactic);soysaucecake,leesofalcohol,beer,wineresiduesrichinligninsolubleresidueinblackliquor,leesofcellulosicalcohol1Fig.1Classificationoflight2industrybiomassprocessresiduesaccordingtocompositionfeatures22(EuropeanCommission,TransportandEnergyDG)[8],(waste)2,4:(),,,,,56117P82[8]Fig.2Technicalroutesforbiomassenergyproductionandconversion[8]3[8]Fig.3Optionaltechnicalroutesforproductionofenergyusinglight2industrybiomassresiduesrichincelluloseasfuel[8],()H22,2,3,,,,50%,,40%,P,,,,()()661119,,,,3,,160%80%55%60%,P,,,60%,[9]4,()(),,dewateringPdryingevaporativemethodhot2airdryingsuperheatedsteamdryingslurrydewateringinkeroseneuseoflatentheatofevaporatedfeedstockwaternon2evaporativemethodcentrifugaldewateringmechanicalexpressionhydrothermaldewateringmechanicalthermalexpressionwastewaterdisposal4Fig.4Existingdewateringanddryingtechnologies311,,,[10](1),,Stubbing[11],,,,,100,674kJPkg,3444kJPkg(2),,23,2,,,,(3),,(4)100,,,[10](5),[10],,,[12],,,,,,,,,10%15%,,,[13];,,,,,76117P85[14]Fig.5Technicalillustrationofsuperheatedsteamfluidizedbeddryingwithlatentheatrecovery[14],(,),,,,5[14],,,,,312(KobeSteelCo1,Ltd.)(slurrydewateringinkerosene),[15,16]6:,;(310atm),443K;,;,99%,;,,BODCOD20005000,[15,16]6[16]Fig.6Technicalflowchartofslurrydewateringinkerosene[16]60%10%,,,(3050),,,7[17],,()60%,90%,2,,,,OPC(433K012),[15],5P[18],,,,8611197[17]Fig.7Comparisonofenergyefficiencybetweenslurrydewateringinkeroseneandsteamtubedrying[17]313,,(55%60%),80BanksBurton[19](65%),50MPa,,(hydrothermaldewatering,HTD),,HTD300,40100atm,,[14],60%10%20%[20],HTD300100atmHTD,[14],(mechanicalthermalexpression,MTE)150200,1020atm,,,,[14,21],MTE70%[14]100,20%30%MTEHTDMTE,,HTDMTE,,(10atm),,4(3),(),4111,,75009000tP[22],90%,87,710MW,31%,9123[22]710MPa783K,118MPa573K,420tPh[23],75tPh2[24](suspensionfire),PP[25,26],,96117P8(spreader),,[26],8[27],,,,,400Ph[27]8[27]Fig.8Flowchartofbiomasschaingratestockerboiler[27][2830]BabcockandWilcox[29],,,,[30],,,,:,,1%,[29],[31],8,75tPh,[23][32],,,18(4),700,[33],,,,,[34,35],,,[34]35tPh[35],,[36],,,,,,,[29],,82,,,,,,(15%);,,,,,014PkW412,,[37]071119,[38]1,,510,[38,39],,,,,,N2CO2,(1200kcalPm3),800kcalPm31200,015gPNm3900,,1050gPNm3[40],,[4042][40],,,,,,1998[40],4MW[43](SOFCPMCFC,),,,1,,,,,,1000kcalPm3,,,,,1Table1Characteristicsoftypicalgasificationtechnologiesforproductionofproducergasgasifierdowndraftfixedbedupdraftfixedbedfluidizedbedcirculatingfluidizedbeddualbedindirectlyheatedkilntemp.[]7001200700900900900900900HHV[kcalPm3]120014001200110020002000tar[gPm3]0153015010501050105010100controlleveleasyeasiercommoncommoncommondifficultcapacity[MW]52010100205020fuelsize[mm]20100510010100101001010010100fuelwater[wt%]205040404050,,(H2OCO2),:[44];17117P8[45];[46],9[47],,,,[4749][50]2,4500kcalPNm3,