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一、相关名词Endocrinology内分泌学endocrinegland内分泌腺endocrinesystem内分泌系统hormone激素二、解剖结构hypothalamus下丘脑hypophysiotrophicarea下丘脑促垂体区hypophysis/pituitarygland垂体adenohyposis腺垂体neurohypophysis神经垂体pinealbody松果体thyroidgland甲状腺parathyroidgland甲状旁腺thymus胸腺pancreas胰腺pancreaticislets(Langerhans)胰岛suprarenalgland肾上腺adrenalmedulla肾上腺髓质adrenalcortex肾上腺皮质ovary卵巢testis睾丸三、激素(1)releasinghormone释放激素release-inhibitinghormone释放抑制激素thyrotropinreleasinghormone,TRH促垂体激素包括促甲状腺激素释放激素corticotrophinreleasinghormone,CRH促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素gonadotrophichormone,GnRH促性腺激素释放激素growthhormonereleasinghormone,GHRH生长激素释放激素somatostatin,SS生长激素释放抑制激素，生长抑素prolactinreleasingfactor,PRF泌乳素释放因子prolactinrelease-inhibitinghormone,PIH泌乳素释放抑制激素melanophrone-stimulatinghormonereleasingfactor,MRF黑色素细胞刺激素释放因子melanophrone-stimulatinghormonerelease-inhibitingfactor,MIF黑色素细胞刺激素抑制因子(2)thyroidstimulatinghormone,TSH促甲状腺激素folliclestimulatinghormone,FSH；卵泡刺激素luteinisinghormone,LH黄体生成素adrenocorticotrophichormone,ACTH促肾上腺皮质激素melanophonestimulatinghormone,MSH褪黑激素growthhormone,GH生长激素prolactin催乳素vasopressin,VP血管升压素/antidiuretichormone,ADH抗利尿激素oxytosin催产素(3)melatonin褪黑素(5)thyroxin(e)甲状腺素calcitonin降钙素parathyroidhormone,PTH甲状旁腺激素(6)thymosin胸腺素thymopoietin胸腺生长素thymulin胸腺刺激素(7insulin胰岛素glucagon胰高血糖素pancreaticpolypeptide胰多肽(8mineralocorticoid盐皮质激素glucocorticoid糖皮质激素sexhormone性激素aldosterone醛固酮cortisol皮质醇catecholamine儿茶酚胺epineohrine/adrenaline肾上腺素norepinephrine/noradrenaline去甲肾上腺素dopamine多巴胺(9)prostaglandin,PG前列腺素(10)androgen雄性激素testosterone睾酮dehydrooepiandrosterone脱氢表雄酮estradiol雌二醇estrone雌酮estriol雌三醇progesterone孕酮四、疾病(1)pituitaryadenoma垂体腺瘤hyperpituitarism垂体机能亢进hypopituirarism垂体机能减退gigantism巨人症dwarfism侏儒症acromegaly肢端肥大症DiabetesInsipidus尿崩症PituitaryTumor垂体肿瘤(2)thyroiditis甲状腺炎goiter甲状腺肿GravesDiseasediffusenontoxicgoiter弥漫性非毒性甲状腺肿multinodulargoiter多结节性甲状腺肿thyroidadenoma甲状腺腺瘤thyroidcarcinoma甲状腺癌hyperthyroidism甲亢hypothyroidism甲减cretinism呆小症exophthalmic突眼的myxoedema黏液水肿(3)Glycemia糖血症DiabetesMellitus糖尿病polyphasia多食polydipsia烦渴polyurine多尿(4)hypercortisolism皮质醇增多症adrenocorticalinsufficiency肾上腺皮质功能减退症adrenocorticalneoplasm肾上腺皮质肿瘤pheochromocytoma嗜铬细胞瘤