过去分词作宾语补足语

Pastparticiplesusedasobjectcomplement(过去分词做宾语补足语)GrammarWethinkhimclever.Whathesaidmademeangry.Theyconsidertheanswercorrect.EveryonecallshimTom.宾语宾补带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词+直接宾语+宾语补足语1.HisfathernamedhimDaming.2.Theypaintedtheirhousewhite.3.Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.4.Nobodynoticedhimentertheroom.5.Wesawherenteringtheroom.(名词)(动词不定式)(现在分词或其短语)(形容词)(省略to的动词不定式)5.Wemustgettheworkfinishedby10o’clock.6.WetakeEnglishasausefultoolforresearchwork.7.Wheneveryoumaygo,youwillfindhimatwork.8.Letthefreshairin.9.Theplanthasitsownname.Youcannotcallitwhatyouwill.(过去分词)(用as引出)(介词短语)(副词)(从句)作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语之间的关系1.及物动词(短语)的过去分词用作宾语补足语时,宾语即是过去分词的逻辑宾语,宾语和过去分词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。如:Iwanttheletterposted.我想把这封信寄出去。2.少数不及物动词如go,change,fall等的过去分词作宾语补足语时,仅表示动作完成。因此,宾语与过去分词之间不存在逻辑上的被动关系。如:Shefoundhernecklacegoneonherwayhome.在回家的路上,她发现项链不见了。3.动词seat,hide,dress等的过去分词作宾语补足语一般表示状语而不表示被动的意义,因此,虽然宾语与它们存在逻辑上的主动关系,但也只能用它们的过去分词作宾语补足语。如:WhenIcamein,Ifoundastrangegirlseatedinthecorner.我进来时,发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。1.使役动词get,have,make,keep,leave等后,可用过去分词做宾语补足语,表：“致使某人或某事被……”Weshouldkeeptheminformedofwhatisgoingonhere.Janegotherbadtoothpulledoutatthedentist’s.需用过去分词作宾语补足语的情况2.感官动词feel,find,hear,notice,see,watch等表示感觉和心理状态的动词之后,表:“感受到某人或某事被做”。IwassleepingwhenIheardmynamecalled.Hewasdisappointedtofindhissuggestionsturneddown.Fillintheblanks.Iheardsomeone_________me.Iheardmyname________.IfoundTom_______thewindow.Ifoundthewindow_______.callingcalledbreakbrokenIhadmywatchrepaired.Ihadmyroomcleaned.Ihadmyfootinjured.Shefoundhishaircut.Shefoundhisclotheswashed.Shefoundhisroomcleaned.havesth./sb.donefindsth./sbdoneHegothisleginjured.Hegothiscameradamaged.Hegothisglassesbroken.getsth./sbdoneIsawhimscoldedbyhismother.Isawhimbittenbyadog.Isawherrobbedbyaman.seesth./sb.doneImadehimpunished.makesth./sb.doneIwatchedhimkilled.watchsth./sbdone3.表示“意欲;命令”的动词如:like,order,want,wish,相当于过去分词短语前省略了tobe,表示“希望/要求某人或某事被做”。Iwishtheseletters(tobe)typedassoonaspossible.Hedidn’twantsuchquestiondiscussedatthemeeting.Thefatherwantshisdaughtertaughtthepiano.看watch,notice,see,lookat,observecatch听hear,listento感feel闻smell发现find情感want,wish,like使役keep,leave,get,have,makesth./sb.donesth./sb.被……1)Ihavehadmybike______,andI’mgoingtohavesomebody______myradiotomorrow.A.repair;torepairB.repairing;toberepairedC.repaired;repairD.torepair;repairingC2)______theroom,thenursefoundthetape-recorder______.A.Entering;stealingB.Entering;stolenC.Tohaveentered;beingstolenD.Havingentered;tobestolenB3)Wearepleasedtoseetheproblem______soquickly.A.settledB.havingbeensettledC.besettledD.settlingsettle解决A4.有时过去分词作宾补可以变为被动语态,这时过去分词改作主语补足语,说明主语所处的状态。Thedoorwasfoundbroken.Herbagwasfoundstolenwhenshewokeup.5.“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中,过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后。(表方式)Withwaterheated,wecanseethesteam.水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气。(表条件)Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.事情得到解决,我们都回家了。(表原因)注意：在这一结构中,当宾语为某一身体部位,且作宾补的动词是及物动词时,身体部位通常是过去分词的逻辑宾语,因而过去分词不可换用现在分词。Shestoodinfrontofhim,withhereyesfixedonhisface.她站在他面前,眼睛注视着他的脸。(fixone’seyeson为固定短语,因此,不可将句中fixed换为fixing)Hestoodforaninstantwithhishandstillraised.他仍然举着手站了一会儿。当用某些不及物动词的分词形式作身体部位的宾补时,用现在分词的形式。Shefeltherheartbeatingfast.她觉得心跳很快。(beat意为“心跳”,是不及物动词)掌握“使役动词have+宾语＋过去分词”的几种含义:在“have＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中,过去分词作宾语补足语,have也可用get。这一结构具有以下几种含义:1)意为“主语请别人做某事”。如：Hewantstohavehiseyesexaminedtomorrow.他明天想去检查眼睛。(“检查”的动作由医生来进行)2)意为“主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测的事情”。如：Becareful,oryou’llhaveyourhandshurt.当心,否则会弄伤手的。3)意为“使完成某事”,事情既可以是别人做完，也可以由主语参与完成。如：Hehadthewallspaintedthismorning.他今早把墙漆了。(主语自己可能参与)6.过去分词与不定式,现在分词作宾补的区别:三者与宾语逻辑上都是主谓关系,但过去分词强调他们之间的被动关系,不定式强调动作发生的全过程,现在分词强调他们之间的主动关系,正在进行。Isawhercomeintotheclassroom.Isawhercomingintotheclassroom.Isawhertakenoutoftheclassroom.省略to的情况：1)情态动词(除ought外,oughtto);2)使役动词let,have,make;3)感官动词see,watch,lookat,notice,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作宾补,省略to。注意:在被动语态中则to不能省掉。Isawhimdance.=Hewasseentodance.Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.=Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.1.Withalotofdifficultproblems_____,thenewly—electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled2.Withtrees,flowersandgrass_____everywhere,mynativetownhadtakenanewlook.A.plantingB.plantedC.toplantD.tobeplantedCB3.Shewasgladtoseeherchildwell_____careof.A.takeB.tobetakenC.takenD.taking4.Theresultoftheentranceexamswasnotmade_____tothepublicuntillastThursday.A.knowingB.knownC.toknowD.tobeknownCB5.Icanmakeyou_____whatIsay,butyoucan’tmakeyourself____inEnglish.A.understand;understandB.understand,understoodC.tounderstand,understandD.understand;tobeunderstoodB6.Hefoundthem____atatable_____A.sat;toplaychessB.sitting;toplaychessC.seated;playingchessD.seat;playthechess7.Johnrushedoutinahurry,_____thedoor_____.A.leaving;unlockedB.leaving;unlockingC.left,unlockedD.toleave;unlockingCA8.Wearepleasedtoseetheproblem_____soquickly.A.settledB.settlingC.besettledD.havingbeensettled9.Icouldfeelthewind___onmyfacefromanopenwindow.A.toblowB.blowingC.tobeblowingD.blownAB10.---Ican’tseethewordsontheblackboard.---Perhapsyouneed__________.A.tohaveyou