中考英语专题复习被动语态

2012届中考英语专题复习：被动语态【新课标考点分析】1.掌握被动语态的结构；2.掌握一般现在时态、一般过去时态以及一般现在时态含情态动词被动语态的用法。【新课标考点精讲】一、被动语态：英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。【口诀】动作谁做的不知道，说出谁做的不必要；接受动作者要强调，用被动语态最为妙。如：Englishisspokenbymanypeople.主语English是动词speak的承受者。如：Heopenedthedoor.他开了门。(主动句)Thedoorwasopened.门被开了。(被动句)二、主动语态与被动语态结构表格时态名称主动语态被动语态标志性词语1一般现在时V/V单三am/is/are+Vp.p.always,often,usually,sometimes,everyday,never,seldom2一般过去时Vp.Usedto+VWould+Vwas/were+Vp.p.yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,…ago,lastweek/month/year3一般将来时will/shall+Vam/is/are+goingto+V1)will/shall+be+Vp.p.2)am/is/are+goingto+be+Vp.p.tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,nextweek/month/year,in…time4现在进行时am/is/are+V-ingam/is/are+being+Vp.p.now,atthemoment,atpresent,thesedays,nowadays5过去进行时was/were+V-ingwas/were+being+Vp.p.while/when/as…,atthattime6现在完成时have/has+Vp.p.have/has+been+Vp.p.just,recently/lately,for,since,ever,never,upto/tillnow,sofar，fromthenon7过去完成时had+Vp.p.had+been+Vp.p.before,bytheendof…,after8过去将来时would/should+Vwould/should+be+Vp.p.主要用于宾语从句9含有情态动词的句子must/can/may/should+Vmust/can/may/should+be+Vp.p.二.主动语态变被动语态的变法：口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓变bedone,时不变，数格必须随被变，by+主语后面跟。1.Allthepeoplelaughedathim.→Hewaslaughedatbyallthepeople.2.Theymakethebikesinthefactory.Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.注：1.主动、被动的时态要一致。2.主动、被动的句式要一致。3.变成的被动语态的主语与谓语在单复数上保持一致。【其他口诀】口诀一：宾变主，把“是（be）”补；动词跟，变过（去）分（词）；时与数，“是”随主（语）；时态随原句，莫变要记准’主语代词变宾格，成为by宾(语)。主语代词变宾格，成为by宾(语)。口诀二：被动不离“be”与“p.p.”，主谓一致莫忘记，句中时态要留意，“进行”易漏一个“being”.一主二宾三不变谓语动词是关键三.特殊情况的被动语态：1.带双宾语的被动语态：动词+sb(间宾)+sth(直宾)【口诀】如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to/for间宾连。1).give/pass/show与介词to搭配。givesbsth——sb+begivensth或sth+begiven+tosb.2).buy/make/cook与介词for搭配。buysbsth——sb+bebought+sth或sth+bebought+forsb2.主动语态中省略带to的动词在改被动后要加上to：如：Hemadetheboyworkfortwohoursyesterday.Theboywasmadetoworkbyhimfortwohoursyesterday.【口诀】含复合复宾变被动，只能宾变主。宾补变主补，置于bedone后。复合宾语结构中“感官”，“使役”常使用。主动结构变被动，根据常规就不行，主动宾补是动原，变成被动则不然，原来宾补成主补，省去的to要再现。主动句中含情动，变成被动很容易，情动，be加上“过去分”，其他成分别丢弃，原来带to要保留。若要熟悉运用它，必须经常来练习。真题讲解【2011广西南宁市】1.Trees________everyyeartomakeourcitygreener.A.plantB.areplantedC.wereplantedD.willbeplanted答案：B【解析】被动语态的用法。根据句意“每年种很多树来使我们的城市更绿”，可知用被动语态，时间状语为everyyear，因此用一般现在时。故选B。2.We'reverygladtoknowthatagreatsportsmeeting_________inGuiyangthisSeptember.A.willholdB.willbeheldC.willbehold答案：B【解析】这里考查的是将来时的被动语态的结构：willbe+动词的过去分词。故选B。【2011天津】3.Todayalotofinformationcan_____online.A.receiveB.bereceivedC.isreceivedD.receiving答案：B【解析】被动语态。今天有很多信息能在网上收到，信息被收到要用被动语态。含有情态动词的被动语态的构成：情态动词+be+过去分词。【2011浙江宁波】4.TherewasabigearthquakeinJapan,butluckilymanypeople_________.A.saveB.savedC.aresavedD.weresaved答案：D【解析】动词语态。从前半句可以看出是一般过去时，根据后半句句意，有许多人被救出。一般过去时态的被动语态结构为was\were+动词的过去分词。主语manypeople是复数，故用were+过去分词。【2011山东聊城】5.Aseveryoneknows,rubbish_______everywhere.A.needbethrownB.mustn’tbethrownC.can’tthrowD.maythrow答案：B【解析】动词语态。垃圾rubbish和throw为被动关系，应用被动语态。排除C和D。句意为“每人都知道的，到处都禁止扔垃圾”。Must’t表禁止。故选B。2011年全国各地中考英语单项选择题分类汇总动词被动语态【2011北京】1.Manyaccidents____bycarelessdriverslastyear.A.arecausedB.werecausedC.havecausedD.willcause【2011上海】2.Anofficial_____bysomereportersonfoodproblemsinShanghaiyesterday.A.isinterviewingB.isinterviewedC.wasinterviewingD.wasinterviewed【2011天津】3.Todayalotofinformationcan_____online.A.receiveB.bereceivedC.isreceivedD.receiving【2011重庆】4.I’mgladtofindthatmanytrees_______inourcitylastyear.A.plantB.plantedC.wereplantedD.areplanted【2011陕西】5.DrivingafterdrinkingwineinChina.A.allowsB.doesn'tallowC.isallowedD.isn'tallowed【2011安徽】6.Don'tworry.Yourpackagehereuntilyoucomeback,soenjoyshoppinghere.A.willkeepB.haskeptC.willbekeptD.hasbeenkept【2011山东】7.It’struethatShakespeare’splay______bysomanypeopleeveryyear.A.seeB.willseeC.areseeingD.areseen【2011广东】8.Peoplewhodrinkwine______todriveafterMayDay.A.don’tallowB.isn’tallowedC.mustn’tallowD.mustn’tbeallowed【2011江西省】9.—WhathappenedtoBilly?—He________becauseofhisdrink-driving.A.iscaughtB.wascaughtC.hascaughtD.hadcaught【2011河北省】10.TheSpringFestivalinJanuaryorFebruary.A.celebratesB.iscelebratedC.celebratedD.wascelebrated【2011•河南省】11.Softdrinks__tochildrenforfreeinsomerestaurantsonChildren'sDay.A.offerB.haveofferedC.areofferedD.willbeoffered【2011浙江丽水】12．Afriendlybasketballmatchbetweenteachersandstudents_________tomorrowafternoon．Anybodyiswelcome．A．washeldB.willbeheldC．isheldD.mustbeheld【2011辽宁沈阳】13.Thecomputerisbroken.＿＿＿it＿＿＿today?A.Will;repairB.Has;repairedC.Will;berepairedD.Has;beenrepaired【2011广西桂林】14.Manytreesandflowers________inourcityeveryyear.A.plantedB.areplantedC.wereplantedD.plants【2011黑龙江绥化市】15.—Suihuaissobeautiful.It'slikeabiggarden.—Yes.Manytreesandflowers_______inourcityeveryyear.A.areplantingB.areplantedC.wereplanted【2011江苏徐州】16.Whenwillthebirthdayparty___,onMondayeveningorTuesdayevening?A.holdB.beheldC.heldD.beholding【2011内蒙古包头】17.Itwillbetwodaysbeforethedecision_________.A.hasmadeB.willbemadeC.wasmadeD.ismade.【2011呼和浩特】18.----DidyougotoJim’sbirthdayparty？----No,I.A.haven’tinvitedB.didn’tinviteC.amnotinvitedD.wasn’tinvited【2011呼和浩特】19.Atlasttheboywasmadeandbegantolaugh.A.stopcryingB.totostoptocryC.tostopcryingD.stoptocry【2011四川达州】20.