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1定语从句一．观察句子：找出定语从句，先行词，关系词。1.SheistheoldwomanwhomIsawthismorning.2.MaryisthegirlwhoseparentsworkinJapan3.Isthisthekeywhichyouarelookingfor?4.Isthereanyroomwhosewindowfacesthesea?5.Hewho/thatdoesn’treachthegreatwallisnotatrueman.6.Idon’tlikethegirlwhom/thatyouaretalkingabout.7.Thisisthehousewhich/thathasjustbeenpainted.8.Thecomputer(which/that)Iboughtamonthagobrokedownyesterday.9.ThegirlwhoseEnglishisverygoodwonthefirstplaceinthe100-meterrace.10.Thisismyschoolwhosebuildingsarebuiltonthetopofahill.结论1：引导定语从句的关系代词有________________________________________。who—指，做。whom—指，做(优先)。that—指，做which—指做。whose—指，做。关系代词与先行词的关系1.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.that=2.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.who=3.Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather.4.TheclubwhosemembersaremusicfansmeetintheschoolgardeneverySaturdayafternoon.Whose=结论2：关系代词=先行词Whose=先行词的所有格=the+n.+of+whom/which介词+关系代词引导的定语从句Themantowhomyouspokewasascientist.Thecityinwhichshelivesisfaraway.结论3:关系代词前有介词时(介词提前)，指人只用,指物只用，不用和。三．找出下列句子中的先行词,关系词说出关系词在从句中所充当的成分;1.ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr.Wang.2.Thegirl(whom)ImetisLucy.3.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.4.Ilikethebook(which)youboughtyesterday.语法讲解：一.定语从句的功用和结构2在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句按其语法性质可分为限制性和两种。限定性定语从句用来限定先行词的范围，是不可缺少的成分；非限制性定语从句用来补充说明先行词，添加信息，省略后对全句没有太大的影响。例如：Thisisthepresentthathegavemeformybirthday.Doyouknoweverybodywhocametotheparty?IstillrememberthenightwhenIfirstcametothevillage?ThisistheplacewhereChairmanMaooncelived.二.关系代词和关系副词的功用关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。1.作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如：Idon’tlikepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.ThecarswhichareproducedinHubeiProvincesellverywell.2.作宾语：SheisthepersonthatImetattheschoolgateyesterday.Thebookthatmygrandmothergavemeiscalled“TheGreatEscape”.3.作定语关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如：What’sthenameoftheyoungmanwhosesisterisadoctor?Thegirlwhosefatherisateacherstudiesveryhard.4.作状语I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.三.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法（一）由that,which,who,whose关系代词引导的定语从句用法简述如下。1、that指人亦可指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，宾语可以省略；Thegirlthatwascryingjustnowismybestfriend.刚才哭的那个女孩是我最好的朋友。2、which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，宾语可以省略；Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。3、who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，宾语可以省略；3Themanwhowashereyesterdayisapainter.昨天在这里的那个人是位画家。（who作主语）ThemanwhoIsawiscalledSmith.我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。（who作宾语，亦可省略）4、whose是属格，指人也可指物，在定语从句中作定语Iliveinaroom(,)(whosewindows)=(thewindowsofwhich)facesouth.我住在一个窗户朝南的房间里。【点拨】辨析that,which；相同点：都可以指物不同点：如下1、在下列情况下只能用that而不能用which引导定语从句（1）当先行词是不定代词是不定代词all,little,few,much,none,,anything,nothing,everything等时。（2）当先行词被最高级、序数词以及thevery,thefew,theonly修饰时。（即；高代序原则）（3）当先行词被all,little,much,some,any,no,every等词修饰时（4）当先行词由表示人和物的两个并列的名词构成时。（5）当主句是以which或who特殊疑问句时。（6）当引导词在从句中作表语时2、在下列情况下只能用which而不能用that引导定语从句(1)在非限制性定语从中。例如：Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.【点拨】辨析who,that相同点：都可以指人，在句中作主语不同点：如下指人时，在下列情况下一般选用who：（1）当先行词为those,one,anyone,nobody等不定代词时。例如：TheonewhoknowsmewellisTom.非常了解我的那个人是汤姆。（2）在分隔型定语从句中，若先行词代指人。如：AnewmasterwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.有位新老师明天来教你们德语4（3）先行词为therebe结构的主语时例如：Thereisamanwhowantstoseeyou.有个人想见你（二）由when,where或why关系副词以及“介词+which”结构，引导的定语从句when,where或why在定语从句中分别代替表示时间、地点或原因的先行词，在句中作时间、地点或原因状语1）.when指时间。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。(when=onwhich)IstillrememberthedaythatwespenttogetherinBeijing.我仍然记得我们在北京度过的那一天【点拨】第一个句子先行词day在定语从句中作状语，when=onwhich；第二个句子theday在定语从句中作宾语。2）.where指地点。What'sthenameoftheplacewhereyouspentyourholidaylastyear?去年你度假的那个地方叫什么名字？(where=atwhich)What'sthenameoftheplacethatyouvisitedlastyear?去年你拜访的那个地方叫什么名字？【点拨】第一个句子theplace在定语从句中作地点状语，where-inwhich;第二个句子theplace在定语从句中作宾语3）.why指原因，用在名词reason后。Thereasonwhyhewaslateforclassisthathegotuplate.他迟到的原因是他起晚啦。Thereasonthathetoldmeiswell-known.他告诉我的原因是众所周知的。【点拨】第一个句子reason在定语从句中作原因状语;第二个句子reason在定语从句中作宾语。四、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句修饰物时用which,不用that,修饰人时用whom不用who。Theschoolinwhichheonceworkedisakeyschool.(=Theschool(which/that)heonceworkedinisakeyschool.)5他曾经工作过的学校是一所重点学校【拓展延伸】“介词+关系代词”的常见结构：1）介词+which/whomThisisthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.这就是那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家2）名词+of+which/whomPleasepassmethebookthecoverofwhichisblue.请把那本蓝封面的书递给我。3）数词+of+which/whomInourschoolthereareabout200teachers,thirtypercentofwhomarewomen.我校大约有200位教师，其中百分之三十是女教师4）代词+of+which/whomInthebasketIfindmanyapples,someofwhich=ofwhichsomehavegonebad.我发现篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。Therearefiftystudentsinourclass,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.我们班有50个学生，其中大多数来自大城市5）最高级+of+which/whomChinahasthousandsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwan.中国有数千个岛屿，其中最大的是台湾岛6）介词+which+名词Heusuallyreturnshomeat10:00,atwhichhourhisfatherlocksallthedoorsandwindows.他通常十点钟回家，这时候他爸爸锁好所有的门窗Thisistheverybook(that)Iamlookingfor.(√)这正是我在找的书。【点拨】短语为固定搭配时(如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof)介词不能提前。【点拨】1）关系代词前介词的选择①根据动词和介词的搭配关系选择。②根据与前面名词的搭配关系选择。③有时需同时考虑动词和介词的搭配关系及介词和名词的搭配关系。④根据所要表达的意思来确定。62）关系副词和关系代词的选择当先行词是表示时间、