1中考英语语法精讲第一章英语动词时态(Tenses)英语时态是英语语法中的第一道难关,攻下此难关是作文、阅读、口语之关键。汉语用不同词表达相应时态,而英语用同一词的不同变化形式表达时态。一、一般现在时:1.构成:使用动词原形,第三人称单数须有变化。(1)直接加“s”,works,takes(2)以辅音加“y”结尾,变“y”为“i”,再加“es”carry→carries(3)以“o,s,x,ch,sh”结尾的动词加“es”goesdresseswatchesbrushes2.功能:(1)表现在的事实、状态或动作:eg:►.Birdsfly.►.Shelovesmusic.►.Mary'sparentsgetupveryearly.(2)表习惯性动作或职业,常与often,sometimes,usually,always,everyweek,seldom,occasionally,frequently等时间副词连用。eg:►.Ialwaystakeawalkaftersupper.►.Shewritestomeveryoften.►.Tomandhisgirlfriendgoouttotakeapicnicoccasionally.(3)表客观真理,格言警句或事实:►.Theearthmovesroundthesun.►.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.►.Twoandtwomakesfour.►.Nomanbuterrs.人非圣贤,熟能无过。(4)表将来:A.在由when,after,before,as,assoonas,although,because,if,evenif,incase,till,until,unless,solongas,where,whatever,wherever等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表将来发生的动作。(黄金重点,所有考试都不放过它!)例如:►.I'lltellherwhenshecomestomorrow.►.Evenifitrainsthisafternoon,I'llmeetyou.►.Whateverhappens,youshouldkeepcool-headed.(不错的句型,背下!!)►.I'llberightherewaitingforyouwhereveryougo.(很感人的句型!)B.按时间表示将要发生的动作或事件,用一般现在时表达将来时概念。►.Theplaybeginsat6:30thisevening.►.Whendoestheplanetakeoff?►.Heleavesforthatcitynextweek.►.Accordingtothetimetable,theexpresstraintoShanghaistartsatnineinthemorning.(按照时刻表,开往上海的特快列车早上7点出发。)测试精编:1.TheBrowns________anicecarandBrown'sbrother________anicejeep.A.have/haveB.has/hasC.have/hasD.has/have2.Iftheirhouse________notlikeours,what________itlooklike?A.is/isB.is/doesC.does/doesD.does/is3.-________youthinkhewillcome?-Ifit________tomorrow,hewillnotcome.A.Do/rainsB.Are/rainsC.Do/willrainD.Are/willrain4.Thelittlechild________notevenknowthatthemoon________aroundtheearth.A.do/moveB.do/movesC.does/movesD.did/moved5.Manyastudent________fondoffilms,butagoodstudentseldom________tothecinemaA.are/goesB.is/goesC.are/goD.is/go二.现在进行时:is/am/are+现在分词1.表示现在正在进行的动作。如►.Thekettleisboiling.ShallImaketea?►.Don'tyouthinkyoueattoomuch?You'reputtingonweight(体重增加)。►.Theworkersarebuildinganewbridgeacrosstheriver.2.表现阶段正进行的动作。►.Heistakingphysicsthissemester(本学期)。►.Wearepreparingforourfinalexaminationthisweek.3.go,come,leave,arrive,land,meet,die,start,return,join,etc.用于进行时态时表示即将开始的动作。►.Look!Thebusiscoming.看!车来了!►.Theoldmanisseriouslyill,andheisdying.►.AliceisleavingforBeijingwithhermother.4.与always,forever,continually,constantly等副词连用,表示说话人带有感情色彩:赞赏或厌恶。2►.Heisalwaysthinkingofothers.(他总是想着别人。)►.Theboyiscontinuallymakingnoises.(这男孩不断地发出吵闹声。)►.Theteacherisconstantly(always)criticizingherforbeinglate.(老师一直在批评她迟到。)5.下面表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时。(此条戒律请背10遍!!!)believe(相信),doubt(怀疑),see(看见),hear(听见),know(知道),understand(理解),belong(属于),think(认为),consider(认为),feel(觉得),look(看起来),seem(看上去),show(显示),mind(介意),have(有),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来),require(要求),possess(拥有),care(关心),like(喜欢),hate(讨厌),love(喜爱),detest(憎恨),desire(意欲)【简单记忆】:●永远不要说I'mbelieving...或Heisseeingahouse.再简单一点说,这些动词后面不要随意加-ing.●可怕的是:我们在写作及口语中常犯此类大错!●注意:haveaparty/thinkabout可以用进行时,因为这里have意为“举行”;think意为“考虑”。测试精编:1.Howcanyou________Ifyouarenot________?A.listening/hearingB.hear/listeningC.belistening/heardD.behearing/listeningto2.Thegirlevenwon'thaveherlunchbeforeshe________herhomework.A.willfinishB.isfinishingC.hadfinishedD.finishes3.Thosewhohaveappliedforthepost(职位)________intheoffice.(此题超前)A.arebeinginterviewedB.areinterviewingC.interviewingD.tobeinterviewing4.Theoldscientist________todomoreforthecountry.A.iswishingB.hasbeenwishingC.wishesD.hasbeenwished5.Ifhe________,don'twakehimup.A.stillsleepsB.isstillsleepingC.stillhasbeensleepingD.willbesleepingstill三.一般过去时。定义动词的过去式:1.表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况。►.Wevisitedtheschoollastspring.►.IwenttoschoolbybikewhenIwasinmiddleschool.►.Chinawasfoundedin1949.2.在表示时间或条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。(参)►.Shetoldmethatshewouldnotgowithusifitrainedthenextday.►.Theywouldnotleaveuntilshecameback.►.Myfriendpromisedtomarrymeonceshemadeherfinaldecision.3.一般过去时,现在时和过去时的几组差异:(别以为这很简单,下面的差异你不一定明白。)●Herbrotherwasachemist.(已去世)●Herbrotherisachemist.(尚健在)●That'sallIhadtosay.(话已说完)●That'sallIhavetosay.(言之未尽)●Itwassonicetoseeyou.(离别时用)●Itissonicetoseeyou.(见面时用)●Janedidalotofworkthismorning.(已是当天下午或晚上)●Janehasdonealotofworkthismorning.(仍是上午)[本句现在完成时,此乃后话!]测试精编I:(用所给动词的正确时态填空)。1.YesterdayI________(think)thatyouwerenotinBeijing.2.Aliceusually________(sit)inthefrontoftheclassroom,butshe________(sit)atthebackthismorning.3.He________(tell)thenewstousthreedaysago.4.He________(begin)toteachChinesein1990.5.shewouldnottelephonemeifshe________(have)notime.测试精编II:1.They________thetripuntiltherainstopped.A.continuedB.didn'tcontinueC.hadn'tcontinuedD.wouldcontinue2.Thelocalpeasantsgavethesoldiersclothesandfoodwithoutwhichthey________ofhungerandcold.(without在这里表条件,你知道吗?)A.woulddieB.willdieC.wouldbedeadD.wouldhavedied3.ItwasnotuntilthenthatIcametoknowthattheearth________aroundthesun.3A.movedB.hasmovedC.willmoveD.moves4.Whenallthosepresent(到场者)________hebeganhislecture.(重点题)A.sitB.setC.seatedD.wereseated5.IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhavewrittentoyou.ButinfactI________not.A.haveB.wouldhaveC.hadD.hadhad四.过去进行时:were/was+现在分词。1.表示过去某一时刻或阶段正在发生的动作。►.Iwasplayingchessat8yesterdayevening.►.WhenIarrived,th