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中国文化习俗方面的段落翻译一春节贴年画（pastingNewYearPrints）的风俗源自于往房子外面的门上贴门神(DoorGods)的传统。随着木质雕刻品的出现，年画包含了更广泛的主题，最出名的就是门神，三大神—福神、薪神和寿神(ThreeGodsofBlessing,SalaryandLongevity)，寓意着庄稼丰收、家畜兴旺和庆祝春节。年画的四大产地分别是苏州桃花坞，天津杨柳青，河北武强和山东潍坊。现在中国农村仍然保持着贴年画的传统，而在城市里很少有人贴年画。ThecustomofpastingNewYearPrintsinSpringFestivaloriginatedfromthetraditionofpastingDoorGodsontheexternaldoorsofthehouses.Withthecreationofboardcarvings,NewYearpaintingscoverawiderangeofsubjects.ThemostfamousonesareDoorGodsandThreeGodsofBlessing,SalaryandLongevity,signifyingtheabundantharvestofcrops,theprosperityofdomesticanimalsandthecelebrationofSpringFestival.FourproducingareasofNewYearPrintsareTaohuawuofSuzhou,YangliuqingofTianJing,WuqiangofHebeiandWeifangofShandong.NowthetraditionofpastingNewYearpaintingsisstillkeptinruralChina,whileitisseldomfollowedincities.二．在中国，小孩的满月酒（one-month-oldfeast）和抓周（one-year-oldcatch）仪式独具特色。小孩出生满一个月的那天，孩子的家人一般要招呼亲朋好友，邀请他们一起来庆祝孩子满月。小孩满周岁的那天，有抓周的仪式。按照中国的传统，父母及他人不给予孩子任何的引导或暗示，任孩子随意挑选，看他先抓什么，后抓什么，并以此为依据来预测孩子可能存在的志趣和将从事的职业及前途。InChina,one-month-oldFeastandOne-Year-OldCatchofababyareofuniqueChinesecharacteristics.Onthedaywhenababyisamonthold,thefamilyofthebabywillinvitetheirfriendsandrelativestoaceremonytocelebratetheoccasion.Onthedaywhenababyisoneyearold,thereisaceremonyofOne-Year-OldCatch.AccordingtoChinesetraditionalcustom,nobodywillgiveanyinstructionorcluetothebabysothatitisleftfreetochoosebyitself.Watchingthebabycatchthearticlesitlikes,thefamilycanthenmakepredictionsaboutitspotentialinterest,futurecareeranddevelopment.三．农历正月十五是中国的元宵节，人们习惯在门外悬挂大红灯笼，孩子们提着彩色的灯笼玩，大人们则上街观赏各式各样的灯笼。据记载，灯笼早在约3000年前就出现在元宵节上。到了唐代，朝廷将灯笼与佛教联系起来，从此灯笼就成了元宵节官方礼仪的一部分。不同地区的彩灯风格迥异，陕北的农民用南瓜做灯笼，用棉花等材料做羊头形状。而北京因为是帝王之都，灯笼一般做成宫廷灯笼的样子。The15thdayofthefirstlunarmonthistheLanternFestivalinChina.Itisthecustomtohangredlanternsonthegate.Childplaywithcoloredlanternsandpeoplegotosquaresandstreetstoviewandadmiredecorativelanterns.ItisrecordedthatlanternsadornedtheLanternFestivalatleast3,000yearsago.BytheTangDynasty,thecourthadconnectedlanternswithBuddhismandmadelightingoflanternsattheLanternFestivalapartofofficialprotocol.Coloredlanternsindifferentregionshavetheirownspecificfeatures.FarmersinnorthernShanxiprovincemakelanternsoutofpumpkins,withmaterialslikecottonandintheshapeoftheheadofagoat.InBeijing,whichhadlongbeenadynasticcapital,thecoloredlanternsaremainlyinthestyleofimperialpalacelanterns.四．在大家庭里，老一辈人的意见受到尊重，小一辈人得到全家的呵护。中国宪法规定赡养父母是成年子女义不容辞的责任。在城市里，不和家人一起住的年轻夫妇给老人生活费并帮助他们干家务活。在农村，尽管大家庭解体了，许多结了婚的儿子和他的家人还和父母住同一个院子。对他们来说，分家不过是分灶而已。结了婚的儿子往往把房子盖在父母家附近，这样父母和子女互相帮助、探望都和过去一样方便。Inextendedfamilies,theoldermembersarerespected,andtheyoungestmembersarelovedandtakengoodtakencareofbyall.China’sConstitutionstipulatesthatgrown-upchildrenareduty-boundtosupporttheirparents.Inthecities,coupleswhodonotlivewiththeiragedparentsgivethelatterlivingallowancesandhelpthemwiththehousechores.Inthecountryside,thoughquiteanumberofextendedfamilieshavedissolved,manymarriedsonsandtheirfamiliescontinuetoliveinthesamecourtyardwithparents.Tothem,breakinguptheextendedfamilymeanscookingtheirmealsseparately.Marriedsonsmostoftenhavetheirhousesbuiltneartheirparents’home,makingitconvenientforparentsandchildrentohelpandvisiteachotherasbefore.五．中国共有八大菜系(cuisines)，包括辛辣的(pungency)川菜和清淡的(lightness)粤菜。中国餐馆在世界各地很受欢迎。然而，中国人的生活方式日益变化，无论是自己下厨还是上餐馆，都出现了全新的饮食习惯。在一些传统的中国菜中，添加了奶酪和番茄酱。城市消费者频繁地光顾一些快餐连锁店，比如麦当劳和肯德基。收入的不断增长，对国际食品的更多了解，加上超市购物的便捷，使中国出现了更乐于尝试包装及罐装食品(packagedandcannedfood)的新一代消费者。Chinahas8majorcuisines,includingSichuancuisinefamousforpungencyandCantoncuisineforlightness.Chineserestaurantsenjoyagreatpopularityallovertheworld.Withtheever-changingoftheChineselifestyle,however,peopleareexperiencinganewdietstyleeitherwhencookingathomeoreatingatrestaurants.Forinstance,thecheeseandketchupareaddedtothetraditionalChinesefood;andurbanconsumersnowfrequentlygotofastfoodchains,suchasMcDonald’sandKFC.Thesteadygrowthofpeople’sincome,moreknowledgeaboutinternationalfoodandtheconvenienceofsupermarketshoppingbringtotheemergenceofanewgenerationofconsumerswhoaremorelikelytobuypackagedandcannedfood.六．歌谣跟口头流传的神话，远在文字出现之前就已大量产生。中国的文学正是发端于此。不过歌谣本是人们生活中随兴而发的（improvised）东西，上古时代也没有保存和记载它们的手段，因之也就很快湮灭，不留痕迹。如今，我们只能从古籍书中推断它们的存在。古书中记载了一些据称年代非常久远的歌谣，但是大多出于后人的伪托(derivatives)，能够断定年代的歌谣要到《诗经》里才能看见。从这点来看，古代神话对中国文学的影响更为重要。Longbeforetheemergenceofthewrittenwords,balladsandmyths,passedaroundbywordofmouth,werewidelypopular.Chineseliteraturefindsitsoriginsinthesetraditions.However,balladswerewhatpeopleimprovisedoutofdailylife,andduetolackofmeanstorecordandpreservetheminancienttimes,theyquicklydisappearedwithoutleavingmuchofatrace.Today,wecanonlydeducetheirexistencefromancientbooks,whichrecordedsometime-honoredballads,thoughmostofthesearebelievedtobederivativesoflatergenerations.BalladsintheBookofSongsaretheearliestwritingsthatcanbedated.Fromthispointofview,ancientmythologyobviouslyhashadagreatinfluenceonChineseliterature.七对龙图腾的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。中国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、牛等动物与云雾、雷电等自然天象集合而成的一种神物。中国龙的形成与中华民族的多元融合过程同步。在中国人的心目中，龙具有振奋腾飞、开拓变化的寓意和团结凝聚的精神。DragontotemworshipinChinahasbeenaroundforthelas