2011年1月22日,中华人民共和国驻英国大使刘晓明应邀出席伦敦政治经济学院(LSE)中国发展学会举办的主题为“中国的国际融合:前景与挑战”的2011中国发展论坛,并在论坛开幕式上发表了主旨演讲。以下为演讲全文:中国与世界合作共赢——中国驻英国大使刘晓明在伦敦政治经济学院中国发展论坛上的演讲2011年1月22日,伦敦政治经济学院MutualBenefitThroughCollaboration–China&theWorld--KeynoteSpeechbyH.E.AmbassadorLiuXiaomingattheLSEChinaDevelopmentForum201122January2011,LSE,London尊敬的戴维斯院长,女士们,先生们:SirHowardDavies,LadiesandGentlemen,首先,感谢戴维斯院长的盛情邀请,使我有机会来到伦敦政治经济学院(LSE)发表演讲。MayIbeginbythankingSirHowardforthishonourofspeakingattheLondonSchoolofEconomicsandPoliticalScience.其实,我与LSE还很有缘分。这是我第二次访问LSE。上一次是我刚上任不久来LSE出席“汉语桥”英国赛区的预赛。那是我来英国后的第一场公共活动,也是第一次演讲。由于预赛在LSE举行,又逢虎年,英国选手个个虎虎生威,一路过关斩将,最后伦敦大学亚非学院的蒋思哲(StewartJohnson)获特等奖,开了英国选手在世界大学生“汉语桥”中文比赛总决赛中夺冠之先河。他们应感谢LSE给他们带来的好运。(Infact,thisismysecondvisittotheLSE.ImademyfirstpublicappearanceandfirstspeechastheChineseambassadortotheUKattheLSE.ThatwaswhenIattendedtheNinthChineseProficiencyCompetitionhere.AsthecompetitionwasheldatLSE,anditwasshortlyafterthestartoftheyearofTiger,everyBritishcontestantsputonavigorousandoutstandingperformance.I’mgladthatStewartJohnson,anundergraduatestudentatSOASwonthecompetitionintheUK,andwentontowinthetopprizeinBeijing,becomingthefirsteverBritishstudenttowinthisprize.MaybeheshouldthanktheLSEforthisgoodluck.)Infact,thisismysecondvisittotheLSE.ImademyfirstpublicappearanceandfirstspeechastheChineseAmbassadortotheUKattheLSE.ThatwaswhenIattendedtheNinthChineseProficiencyCompetitionhere.AsthecompetitionwasheldintheLSE,anditwasshortlyafterthestartoftheYearofTiger,theBritishcontestantsputonavigorousandtrulyoutstandingperformance.I'mgladtosaythatStewartJohnson,anundergraduateatSOASwonthecompetitionintheUKandwentontowinthetopprizeinBeijing,becomingthefirsteverBritishstudenttowinthisprize.MaybeheshouldthanktheLSEforthisgoodluck.当然,真正让LSE闻名于世的还是它深厚的学术底蕴,使它成为社会科学教学与研究领域的知名学府。LSE也是国际化程度最高的学府之一,培养了140多个国家和地区的精英。值得一提的是,LSE与中国颇有渊源,中国一些杰出的外交官都曾在LSE深造,其中有中国现任外长杨洁篪先生。近年来到LSE求学的中国学生日益增加,目前已超过500人。TheLSEhasawell-deservedreputationforacademicexcellence.Itpridesitselfonitsdiversityofstudentsfromover140countries.Manyofthemthenreturnedhometobecomeleadersintheirrespectivefields.AmongthemaresomedistinguishedChinesediplomats,includingthecurrentChineseForeignMinisterMrYangJiechi.IamdelightedtolearnthattheLSEisnowhometoover500Chinesestudents.此次LSE中国发展学会在2011年岁初举办主题为“中国的国际融合:前景与挑战”的“中国发展论坛”,我认为恰逢其时:一是中西方关系近年来发展较快;二是中国去年刚刚超过日本成为世界第二大经济体。中国的发展越来越引起外界的关注,人们也越来越关心中国与世界的融合问题,实际上就是中国与世界的关系问题。TheLSEChinaDevelopmentForumcomesataninterestingtime,withtheinterestingthemeofProspectsandChallenges–China'sglobalintegration.ThisisatimeoffastdevelopmentofChina'srelationswiththeWest.ThisisalsoatimewhenChinaagaincomesunderthespotlight,afterovertakingJapantobecomethesecondlargesteconomy.China'sdevelopmentisattractinggrowinginternationalattention.PeoplearewonderingabouthowthiswouldimpacttheinternationalsystemandwhereChina'srelationswiththeworldareheaded.关于这个问题,这几年外界观点很多,大致有这么几种:PeopleintheWesttendtolookatChinafrommanydifferentperspectives:一是“威胁论”。根据西方近代史上的经验,“国强必霸”,因此西方一些人认为中国的发展是威胁,世界政治格局的演变是一种零和游戏,你升我降,你兴我衰,中国的“韬光养晦”政策就是“卧薪尝胆”。持这种观点的人去年非常得意,他们自以为找到了新的例证,将中国在南海、钓鱼岛问题上正当维护自己主权的行动视作“强硬”,认为中国外交已经开始咄咄逼人。我想,我们还是应该听听美国国务卿克林顿上周是如何评价这种观点的:“在亚太和美国,有人把中国的增长看成是威胁,或将导致冷战式冲突,或将使美国衰败”,“我们不接受这些看法”。事实上,坚持原则立场同是否强硬是两码事,国家之间打交道,重要的是看是否占“理”,“理直”才能“气壮”,“理屈”自然“词穷”。维护国家的主权、安全和发展利益,这就是中国外交的“理”,也是国际关系中的“理”。SomeseeChinaasathreat.TheylookatthemodernhistoryofWesternnationsandconcludethatRisingpowersareboundtoseekhegemony.Theyseetheshiftingbalanceintheinternationalpoliticallandscapewithazero-summentality.TheybelieveChinaishidingitscapabilitiesandbidingitstimebeforepressingforwardtodominatetheregionandultimatelytheworld.TheypointtorecentactsbyChinatosafeguarditssovereigntyintheEastandSouthChinaSeasasevidenceofChina'sassertiveness.LetmequotefromSecretaryHilaryClinton,whospokeaboutthisjustlastweek–SomeintheregionandsomehereathomeseeChina'sgrowthasathreatthatwillleadeithertoCold-War-styleconflictorAmericandecline.…Werejectthoseviews.Ibelieveupholdingprinciplesandbeingassertivearetwodifferentthings.Whatreallymattersiswhetheracountryisontherightside.Youcanonlymakeastrongcasewithgoodreasons.ForChina,safeguardingitsinterestsinsovereignty,securityanddevelopmentistherightthingtodo.ThisisamajorprincipleinChina'sforeignpolicy,andisalsoaprincipleininternationalrelations.二是“责任论”,说是责任论,实际上是说中国“不负责任”。他们认为中国作为国际体系的一份子,享受了现行体系的好处,如经济全球化和贸易自由化,但没有做到也不愿去尽一个大国的责任,权利与责任不平衡,实力与作用不匹配,中国只是在“搭便车”。持这种观点的人眼里就盯着气候变化、朝核、世界经济失衡等几个问题,其实就拿这几个问题来指责中国“不负责任”也显得苍白无力。比如,朝鲜半岛局势最近出现缓和,大家公认中国再次发挥了积极作用。更何况,中国积极参与国际经济金融体系改革和治理,积极参加联合国维和行动和打击海盗,积极推动气候变化、国际发展等全球性问题的解决。SomebelieveChinashouldtakeupmoreinternationalresponsibilities.ThesepeoplecomplainthatChinahasnotfullyhonoreditsobligations.TheybelievethatChinafree-ridesthecurrentinternationalsystem.Itbenefitssignificantlyfromglobalizationandtradeliberalization,butisreluctanttoassumetheresponsibilitiesofamajorpower.TheycriticizeChinaforlackofresponsibilityinclimatechange,theKoreannuclearissueandglobaleconomicimbalances,etc.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.Chinahasplayedanactiverolerecentl