书面表达四过渡词在书面表达中的运用

书面表达（四）过渡词在书面表达中的运用英语书面表达评分标准第五档（很好）中有这样的表述：“应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用复杂结构或高级词汇所致。”这就是说，学生仅运用基础词汇和基本句型，并不能体现出较强的语言运用能力，这样即使表达中无语法错误，也不能得高分；相反，尽管有些许错误，但如果目的是在有意识地使用复杂结构或较高级词汇，也不会扣多少分，仍属最高档次。过渡词在句中是一个独立部分，是句子不可缺少的成分，它在句与句中起一个逻辑意义一致，句子之间连接承上启下的作用。同时在文章中使用好过渡词还能提高文章的档次分，句子显得逻辑性强，结构紧凑，也是语言功底好的表现。如果去掉，句子的意思就不完整，甚至不知所云。•试比较下面例句：•例1.Wemustwork.Wemustbelieveinourselves.—Wemustworkandaboveallwemustbelieveinourselves.例2.Iwasanxioustoleave.IfeltthatIwasn’tabletotellmygrandparentsthatweweresafe.—Ononehand,Iwasanxioustoleave,ontheotherhand，IfeltthatIwasn’tabletotellmygrandparentsthatweweresafe.例3.1)Totellyouthetruth,lifeisbeautiful.Ihavenoreasontothinkotherwise.2)Personally,Idon’tlikethispainting.•一些学生在作文中过多使用简单句，一篇文章下来竟成了简单句堆砌；有的写复杂句时，动辄用so，and，then，but，or，however，yet等非但达不到丰富表达方式的目的，反而使句子结构松散、呆板。为了避免这种现象，可以通过使用不同的过渡词,不仅能够丰富句型，而且还能够把思想表达得更清楚，意义更连贯。I.顺序过渡词•1.First,next,then,finally2.First,second,finally3.tobeginwith,next,finally4.inthebeginning,atthebeginning5.inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace,inthethirdplace6.intheend,atlast,finally7.foronething,foranother8．Afterthat,II.递进过渡词•1.besides,indeed,moreover,furthermore,even,inaddition,aboveall,•2.what’smore,worsestill,tomakethingsworse,what’sworse,evenmoreimportant,mostimportant3.atthesametime,Practice•1.Neverwasteanything,but________neverwastetime.任何东西都不可浪费，尤其不可浪费时间。2.Theywerebrave,and__________,theyhatedviolence.他们很勇敢，而且他们厌恶暴力。3.Itgotdark,and__________,itbegantorain.天黑了，而更糟的是，开始下雨来。4.Idon’twanttogooutnow,_______,I’mfeelingtired,我现在不想出去了，而且我还有点疲乏。•5.______,Iwanttoseeyourpass,too.除此以外，我还想看你的通行证。6._________,BritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishstartedborrowingwordsfromotherlanguages,endingupwithdifferentwords.同时，英式英语和美式英语开始互相借鉴词汇，最终只有部分词汇不一样。7．_________,myaimistoprovidethebestservicepossibleunderthesedifficultcircumstances.此外，我的目标是在这样艰难的情况下尽可能提供更好的服务。8．Thehotelitselfcanaccommodate80guestsand,_________,thereareseveralself-cateringapartments.旅馆本身可以容纳80位客人，除此之外，还有几个可供自己做饭的套房。III.转折、对比过渡词•1.although,though,while,however,yet,nevertheless,but,otherwise,2.inspiteofthat,forallthat尽管如此，虽然,onthecontrary,incontrast相反，大不相同,3.on(the)onehand,ontheotherhand,insteadof,4.comparedto(with)practice•1.________,mostofthetime,peoplefromthetwocountriesdonothaveanydifficultyinunderstandingeachother.但是，大部分时候，来自这两个国家的人们理解对方是不存在任何困难的。•2.______therearemanydifferentinterpretationsofourbodylanguage,somegesturesseemtobeuniversal.尽管对肢体语言的解释五花八门，但某些手势似乎是全球通用的。•3.Itisprobablybetter,_____,ifwespendourtimeandmoneyinbuyinggoodfoodandkeepingabalanceddiet.不过，如果我们把时间、金钱花费在选择健康食品和保持平衡饮食上，可能会更好。•4.______eatingexpensivedietfoodorgoingonunhealthydiets,wecansimplytrytoeatlessfatandsugarandexercisemore.不需吃昂贵的食疗食品，或者进行不健康的节食，我们只需尽量少吃脂肪和糖，多运动。•5._______,Inowfeelasifthatwaswhenmylifereallybegan.相反，我感觉我的生活好像从现在起才真正的开始。6.Franklin,___________,givesthedetectiveasmuchassistanceashecan.另一方面，弗兰克林尽他所能给警探提供帮助。7.Shewasverytired,________shekeptonworking.她虽然很疲倦，可仍在继续工作。8.________aslightimprovementinsales,thecompanyisstillmakingaloss.公司的销售情况虽然稍有改善，但还在亏本。9.________hisefforts,hedidn’tsucceed.他虽然很努力，但并没有成功。(B)and,but,finally,immediately,now,atfirst,oneday,then,so•Thenaughtyboyinthestory“TheBoyWhoCriedWolf”hasgrownup._______heworksasaweathermaninhisvillage._________hestudiedtheweathercarefully_______foundthatastormwascoming.____________,hetoldallthevillagerstoprepareforthebadweather,______noonebelievedhim.__________,theweatherwasfine,________thevillagerssaidthattheyoungmanwaslyingagain.________theweathersuddenlychanged________astormwindcame.Allthevillagerstriedtosavethecrops_______itwastoolate._________,thestormruinedallthecrops.assignment•1.如何为找工作而去面试。•2.首先要穿着整洁。•3.其次要认真准备。•4.也许你没得到这份工作。•5.不要灰心，要找出失败的原因。•5.电视在日常生活中起着重要作用。•6.一方面，它让我们及时了解国内外所发生的一切。•7.我们可以从电视节目中学到很多知识。•8.另一方面，看电视对健康，尤其对眼睛不好。•9.有些电视节目对孩子有不良影响。原因与结果过渡词1.so,because,becauseof,thus,consequently,therefore,hence,for,2.asaresult,inconsequence,inturn,onaccount,forthesakeof,owingto,dueto,thanksto,3.toone’ssurprise/pleasure/astonishment/sorrow/amazement/joy,toourregret.•1._______,shefoundherselfinadifferentworld.2.Somepeopleareover-ambitious.________,theyareusuallyunhappy.•3._________,moneyisn’teverything.V.等同过渡词•1.thatis,thatistosay•2.similarly,inotherwords,namely,equally,inthesameway,inaword•1.HewillleaveforNewYorknextSunday,______,March23rd.2.Thiskindofphoneiscordless,________,ithasnocordsorwires.•3．NooneisallowedtospeakMandarininanEnglishclass.______,nooneisallowedtospeakEnglishinaMandarinclass.•4.Therailroadconnectstwocities,______,NewYorkandChicago.VII.例举过渡词•1.forexample,take…forexample,forinstance,suchas…,like,…•2.andsoon,asfollows•1．Somenutrientshelpbuildourbodyandmakeitstronger.Protein,_______,isgoodforourmuscles.•2．Othernutrients,______fiberandminerals,helpkeepourbodyfunctioningwell.•3．_______manypeoplewithcancer,hehadtobetreatedwithradiationfollowedbytreatmentwithchemicals.4._____________,theresultarePhilipCarter1st,SamCohen2nd,SandraPostlethwaite3rd.结果如下：菲利普•卡特第一名，萨姆•科恩第二名，桑德拉•波斯尔斯韦特第三名。•5.Youshouldbuysomeessentials,______pots,pans,dishesandsoon.6.Therearesomecommonerrorsin