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Unit2Grammarandusage(1)汽车防盗器=Whereapersoncomesfromwillaffecttheirstyleofspeech.wh-questionsubject2.WhydoesEnglishhavesuchstrangerules?Youcanbegintoseeit!=YoucanbegintoseewhyEnglishhassuchstrangerules!wh-questionobject3.WhyisEnglishalanguewithsomanyconfusingrules?Thisisthereason=ThisiswhyEnglishisalanguagewithsomanyconfusingrules.wh-questionpredicativeAttention:1.Wechangethewordorderinaclauseafteraquestionwordintothatofastatement.2.Wecannotleaveoutthequestionwordsinnounclausesinanycases.1、引导词what与that的用法区别。引导主、宾、表语从句时，what要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分，that不作任何成分，只在语法上起连接的作用。例如（NMET’96）：____wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan____wehave.•A.What;whatB.what;that•C.That;thatD.That;whatThattheformerIraqpresidentSaddamwascapturedhasbeenproved.2、引导词whether和if的用法区别。通常，引导主语从句、表语从句和引导同位语从句时，要用连词whether，不用if；习惯上也只能说whetherornot，而不说if…ornot。例如（MET92）：•____the2000OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknownyet.•A.WheneverB.If•C.WhetherD.That名词性从句的语序。与别的从句一样，名词性从句必须用自然语序，即使在疑问句中，从句也不倒装（而在主句上倒装）。例如（MET91）:•Noonecanbesure____inamillionyears.•A.whatmanwilllooklike•B.whatwillmanlooklike•C.manwilllooklikewhat•D.whatlookwillmanlike•4、Who/whoever,what/whatever等的用法区别。•一般说来，what/who等含特指意义，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么/无论谁”。例如（NMET97）：•Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants.•A.howeverB.whatever•C.whicheverD.wheneverWhere,when,why等连接副词引导的名词性从句。Where,when,why等连接副词也可以引导名词性从句，使用的关键是：这个词必须符合句子的逻辑要求。例如（NMET’99）：•—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.•—Isthat____youhadafewdaysoff?•A.whyB.whenC.thatD.whereIV.Exercises:AonPage28BonPage28Answers:A.1.O2.S3.P4.O5.O6.PB.1.why2.what3.which4.how/why5.How6.who7.How8.WhichV.Choosethebestanswer1.---Doyouremember______hecame?---Yes,Ido.Hecamebycar.a.howb.whenc.thatd.if2._____we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.a.Ifb.Whetherc.Thatd.Whereab3.Wordhascame__________someAmericanguestswillcomeforavisit.•A.whatB.that•C.whetherD.when4.______knowsthetruthwilltellyouaboutit.•WhothatB.Whoever•C.WhomthatD.Thatwho3.Askher_____comewithus.a.Ifshewillb.ifwillshec.whethershed.whetherwillshe4._____wecan’tunderstandis_____hedidn’tjoinusinourdiscussion.•a.That;whyb.Which;how•c.What;whatd.What;whydaVI.主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语.引导词有连词that(that不可省),whether;代词有who,what,which;副词when,where,how,why等.如:1.Thatheisafamoussingerisknowntous.(Itisknowntousthatheisafamoussinger.)2.WhenhewillgotoAmericaisnotyetfixed.(ItisnotyetfixedwhenhewillgotoAmerica.)3.Whethershe’scomingornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch.(notif)(Itdoesn’tmattertoomuchwhethershe’scomingornot.)VII.宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语.引导词有连词that(that常可省略),whether,if;代词有who,whose,what,which;副词when,where,how,why等.如:1.Webelieve(that)heishonest.2.Iaskedif(=whether)theyhadacheapsuit.3.Canyoutellwhichdictionaryishers?4.Ireallydon’tknowwhatheisdoing.VIII.表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语.引导词有连词that(that不可省),whether;代词有who,what,which;副词when,where,how,why等.如:Theproblemisthatwedidn’tgetintouchwithhim.ThisishowHenrysolvedtheproblem.Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)finishtheworkatonce.如果句子的主语是suggestion,advice.order等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略.IX.同位语从句在句中起同位语的作用.一般放在名词fact,news,idea,promise,thought,suggestion等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词.引导词有连词that;少数情况下也可用连接副词等.如:1.Thethoughtthatwemightsuccessexcitedus.2.Theideathattheyshouldtryasecondtimeisworthconsidering.3.Thesuggestionthattheplan(should)bedelayedwillbediscussedtomorrow.4.YouhavenoideahowworriedIwas.名词suggestion,advice.order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形,should可省略.WrittenexercisesforNounclausesX.Homework:C1onpage94Unit2Grammarandusage(2)----EmptyItNanjingUniversityAttachedHighSchoolZhuYunhuiI.Revision1.It’sabook.(指代)2.It’seighto’clock.(时间)3.It’scoldoutside.(天气)4.It’salongwaytothemuseum.(距离)II.Emptysubjectit1.WecanuseitasanemptysubjectA.whenweuseanounclauseasthesubjectofasentence.(correct)ThatwewouldnotbeabletounderstandOldEnglishtodayiscertain.b.(correct)WhetherEnglishwillcontinuechanginginthefutureiseasytoanswer.c.(correct)Whenweusecertainwordsdependsonthestyleofwriting.a.(preferable)ItiscertainthatwewouldnotbeabletounderstandOldEnglishtoday.=(preferable)ItiseasytoanswerwhetherEnglishwillcontinuechanginginthefuture.=(preferable)Itdependsonthestyleofwritingwhenweusecertainwords.=It作形式主语的句型:1.It+be+adj.(true,certain,possible,obvious,likely…)that…2.It+be+nounphrase(nowonder,anhonour,apity,…)that…3.It+be+pastparticiple(said,reported,expected,announced…)that…4.It+seems/appearsthat….5.Itdoesn’tmatterthat…B.Whenthesubjectisato-infinitive:a.(correct)Tomasteraforeignlanguageishard.b.(correct)Toknowhowtouseacomputerisimportant.(preferable)Itishardtomasteraforeignlanguage.=(preferable)Itisimportanttoknowhowtouseacomputer.=C.Whenthesubjectisav-ingforma.(correct)Itisdifficulttostopsmoking.b.(correct)IttakesalotofmytimetravellingtoBeijing.Weusuallyusetheemptysubjectitwithaclauseorto-infinitive(preferable),butwiththev-ingformweprefertherealsubjectatthebeginning.Tip(preferable)Smokingisdifficulttostop.=(preferable)TravellingtoBeijingtakesupalotofmytime.=2.Itcanalsobeusedbeforeseem,appear,happen,chance,turnoutandproveastheemptysu