专题六：英语短文改错专题

1高三英语（人教版）第二轮专题辅导讲座专题六：英语短文改错专题【命题趋向】短文改错是一项主要测试考生的判断能力，观察能力、纠错能力语言基础知识及语言的综合运用能力。短文改错的趋势：1改错短文以以记叙文和说明文为主。2文章内容贴近学生生活，没有生僻词汇和复杂的结构，文章简单易懂，错误设置也很简单，多为学生平常作文中常出现的错误。3．短文一般100词左右，错误有9处。4常见错有三种；错词；多词；缺词；错词占60%左右【考点透视】一．错词的热点1．动词—时态语态非谓语；主谓关系2．联系词—关系代词和关系副词；连词；连接词3．名词—可数名词、不可数名词，可数名字的单复数变化。4．介词—介词和动词的搭配错误5．形容词/副词—词类错用6．冠词—定冠词和不定冠词的错用7．代词—人称代词；物主代词；反身代词8．惯用法—固定句型，固定短语。二．多词和缺词热点1.冠词2.介词3.副词4.代词5.关联词6.小品词to【例题解析】一．错词1.动词错误：（1）时态和语态、主谓一致的错误。【1】整体时态：*WehadguestslastnightwhohavenotstayedinaB&Bhotelbefore.定语从句的时态在主句之前发生，故have改为had。*Highoverthewater,theydiscoveraholeintheballoon.Theholebecamebiggerandbigger.全篇使用过去时态，故改discover--discovered【3】主谓一致*Havingfunwiththeirfriendsmakethemhappy.2动名词短语做主语，谓语动词用单数形式makes。*Butthemostwonderfulthingaboutjackwerehismusicalability。主语为themostwonderfulthing故此，系词为was*Butnotallinformationaregoodtosociety.主语不可数，所以动词用is。（2.）动词错误：*InAmericanbigcities,thousandssellticketstowatchfootballorbasketballgames.(buy)根据句子意思，数千人买票去看比赛。故sell改为buy。（3）非谓语动词【1】动名词错误*Iamlookingforwardtoseeallofyouagaininthenearfuture.(seeing)解析：to为介词，故此see改为seeing*Notonlyitmakesusgrowuptallandstrongbutalsogivesusasenseoffairplayandteamspirit.解析：主语应为动名词，故Playfootball改为Playingfootball【2】现在分词*Theairkeepstheballoonupwasescapingquicklyandtheballoonwascomingdown.解析：分词做定语，故keeps改为keeping*Ifoundasmallhousestandinginafieldwithalightshonefromthesittingroom.解析：withalightshone改为withalightshining。alight和shining为主动关系。【3】不定式*Ijustwanttothankyouforhelpingmebecomingadifferentperson.(become)解析：helpsbdosth故改becoming为become*Hedidnotwantsharethingswithothers.解析：wanttosharesth.want后可跟不定式做宾语。【4】过去分词*Ihavesomerecordsgivingtomeasbirthdaygifts.解析：havesthdone,somerecords和give是被动关系，故改为given。2．连词错误：*Icameintothelivingroomandsawoneofthemjustgothroughthekitchendoorbutturnonthelight.解析：根据句意，“我看到他们中的一个人走进厨房，并且打开灯。”两个分句子之间是并列关系。故改but为and*Wewouldreturnatnighttohearthathe`dpickedupfromtheradiointheday.解析：考查宾语从句，pickup缺宾语，故改that为what*Theclasseshelpedmeunderstandwhattheworldworks解析：根据句子意思，“这些课程有助于我了解世界是怎么运转的”故改what为how。3.形容词/副词错用：*Youalwaysgavemespeciallyattention.解析：名词应该被形容词special修饰。*Itisrealagoodchancetohavemetallofyouhere.解析：副词really修饰系词，故改real为really。*Myhometownhastakenonanewlook.Howgreatithaschanged!解析：great修饰动词，故改为：greatly4.冠词错误：*ThisismyfirstvisittoaAmericanfamily.(an)解析：American第一个音标的音素是元音，故用an.*Eachplayermustobeycaptain,whoistheleaderoftheteam.3解析：有定语修饰，the特指captain.*Suddenly,IcaughtasightofmyEnglishteacherinthecrowd.解析：固定搭配catchsightof.故此去掉冠词a。5.代词错误：【1】反身代词*Ijustsmiledtomeandthought,…解析：主语和宾语相同，故此me—myself。【2】形容词性物主代词*Besides,theforeignteachershereworkhardandtryhisbesttomaketheactivitieslivelyandinteresting.(his--their)解析：主语是第三人称复数，因此tryone`sbest【3】it/that/them/us*Ithoughtthatwasdulltowatchagameinwhichplayerskickedaballtoeachother.解析：that不可以做形式主语，故改为it。*Itwasaboutnoonwhenwhenwearrivedatthefootofthemountain.Thethreeofthemwereveryexcited.前后人称错误。故此改them为us.6.名词单复数和名词的所有格的错误*Shemarkedstrictlyonstudent`sperformance.(students`)解析：根据句意，学生们的表演，故改为students`performance*Physicsisoneofthemostdifficultsubjectforus(subjects)解析：oneof说明后面为复数形式。*WepracticethreetimeseveryweekandoftenwatchfootballmatchonTVtogether.解析：常常看比赛，故此match改为matches.*Ihavenopaperstowriteon.解析：纸不可数，所以改为paper7.介词错误*HeleftShanghaiatacoldnight.解析：一天的部分被修饰时，介词用on,*Iamanewcomerofasmalltown.解析：根据句子意思，来自一个小镇comefromasmalltown.*Iwascaughtbytherainlastnight解析：固定短语becaughtintherain遇上雨。8.语意错误*Thousandssellticketstowatchfootballorbasketballgames.解析：句子意思：数千人卖掉票去看足球或者篮球比赛。故此错误，sell—buy*Notallpeopleliketoworkandeveryoneliketoplay.解析：句子意思：并非所有的人都喜欢工作，并且所有的人喜欢玩。语意错误，应该为转折关系，and—but二．多余词多词一般为：冠词/连词/介词/系词be助词等。【1】连词多余：*Theydidnotwantbreakfastbecausethattheyweregoingoutearlyinthemorning.解析：连词多余，故此去掉(that)，原句是状语从句。【2】介词多余：*ThecrowdwaitingfortogreettheminEnglandwasverysurprised.(for)解析：没有宾语，所以去掉for。【3】冠词多余：4*SuddenlyIcaughtasightofmyEnglishteacherinthecrowd.解析：固定短语，catchsightof:偶然看见。【4】系词/助词多余：*Mymotherwasasked:“Haveyoutakenmedicine?”解析：根据句意，是妈妈问：故为主动语态。三：缺词缺词一般为：冠词/连词/介词/系词be助词/【1】缺介词*Hewaslookingforaglass^thecupboard(in)解析：根据句意，inthecupboard做状语。【2】缺冠词*However,thepopularteacherisat^sametimetheonewhoshouldbestrictwithstudents.(the)解析：形容词same和the搭配使用,故给same前加the。【3】缺连接词*Inoneclass,Ilearned^itrained(why)解析：根据句子意思可知，缺连接词，句意为：“在一节课上，我知道了下雨的原因”。【4】缺系词*What^yourfavoritesport?(is)解析：句子中缺系词，在What加is.【专题训练与高考预测】此题要求改正所给短文中的错误对标有题号的每一行作出判断，如无错误，在刻行右边横线上画一个勾（√）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列清况改正；该行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉，在该行在边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。该行缺一词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。该行错一个词：在错的词下面划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词注意：原行没能错的不要改Passage1Iwentouttoseefilmwithmybrotherafter1_______supper.Byourwaytothecinema,wemetanAmerican2._______girlnamedAlice,shehadgotlostandlookedvery3.._________anxious.Wewentuptoseethatwasthematter.We4________thentookhimtothehotel.Whilegoingthere5_________Itoldherthegreatchangethathadtakenplace6_________inourcountryinthepastfewyearsbutAlicetold7__________usalotabouttheyouthinAmerica8.________Althoughwemissthefilm,wefeltveryhappy9_______foritwehadnotonlyhelpedAlicegetoutoftrouble10_______alsoknewsomethingabuttheStatesWeseeEnglishcanstr