2汽车转向器毕业设计说明书

兰州工业学院汽车工程院I摘要汽车转向器是汽车的重要组成部分，也是决定汽车主动安全性的关键总成，它的质量严重影响汽车的操纵稳定性。随着汽车工业的发展，汽车转向器也在不断的得到改进，虽然电子转向器已开始应用，但机械式转向器仍然广泛地被世界各国汽车及汽车零部件生产厂商所采用。而在机械式转向器中，循环球齿条-齿扇式转向器由于其自身的特点被广泛应用于各级各类汽车上。本文选择GX1608A型循环球齿条-齿扇式转向器作为研究课题，其主要内容有：汽车转向器的组成分类；转向器总成方案分析及其数据确定和转向器的设计过程。这种转向器的优点是，操纵轻便，磨损小，寿命长。缺点是结构复杂，成本高，转向灵敏度不如齿轮齿条式。因此逐渐被齿轮齿条式取代。但随着动力转向的应用，循环球式转向器近年来又得到广泛使用。关键词；转向器操纵稳定性循环球齿条-齿扇式转向器兰州工业学院汽车工程院IIAbstractGearcarsanimportantcomponentoftheinitiativeisdecidedautomobilesafetyofthekeyassembly,Itseriouslyaffectedthequalityofthevehiclehandlingandstability.Alongwiththedevelopmentoftheautoindustry,automobilesteeringgeariscontinuouslyimproved,althoughtheelectronicsteeringgearhasbeguntouseButmechanicalsteeringgearisstillwidelybeenworldmotorvehiclesandpartsmanufacturersadopted.Andthemechanicalsteeringgear,Rackcycleball-typesteeringgeartoothfansasitsowncharacteristicshasbeenwidelyusedinvarioustypesvehicles.ThegraduationdesignoptionsGX1608Acyclegearball-typesteeringgearrackasaresearchtopic,Itsmaincontentsare:automotivesteeringgearcomponentsclassification;assemblywastoprogramanalysisanddatatoidentifyandsteeringgeardesignprocess.Theadvantageofsuchsteeringgear,andmanipulatinglight,wearandtear,longlife.Thedisadvantageisthatthestructureiscomplicatedandcostly,thansteeringrackandpinionsensitivity.Thereforegraduallybeingreplacedbyrackandpinion.However,withthepowersteeringapplications,theball-typesteeringgearcycleandarewidelyusedinrecentyears.Keywords；DiverterBallhandlingandstabilityCyclerack-typesteeringgeardiverter兰州工业学院汽车工程院III目录摘要...................................................................................................IAbstract................................................................................................II1绪论...................................................................................................12汽车转向系的组成及分类...............................................................32.1汽车转向系的类型和组成.......................................................................32.1.1机械式转向系................................................................................................62.1.2动力转向器....................................................................................................72.2转向系主要性能参数..............................................................................82.2.1转向器的效率.................................................................................................82.2.2传动比的变化特性.......................................................................................102.2.3转向盘自由行程...........................................................................................132.3转向操纵机构及转向传动机构............................................................132.3.1转向操纵机构...............................................................................................132.3.2转向传动机构...............................................................................................143转向器总成方案分析.....................................................................153.1转向器设计要求.....................................................................................153.2转向器总成方案设计.............................................................................164循环球式转向器主要尺寸参数的选择........................................195转向器输出力矩的确定................................................................236轴的设计计算及校核....................................................................246.1转向摇臂轴（即齿形齿扇轴）的设计计算........................................246.1.1材料的选择...................................................................................................246.1.2结构设计.......................................................................................................246.1.3轴的设计计算...............................................................................................246.2螺杆轴设计计算及主要零件的校核....................................................286.2.1材料选择.......................................................................................................286.2.2结构设计.......................................................................................................28兰州工业学院汽车工程院IV6.2.3轴的设计计算...............................................................................................296.2.4钢球与滚道之间的接触应力校核...............................................................31参考文献............................................................................................33致谢..................................................................................................34附录....................................................................................................36兰州工业学院汽车工程院11绪论循环球式转向器的英文名称是RecirculatingBallSteeringGear。循环球式转向器由两对传动副组成，一对是螺杆、螺母，另一对是齿条、齿扇或曲柄销。在螺杆和螺母之间装有可循环滚动的钢球，使滑动摩擦变为滚动摩擦，从而提高了传动效率。循环球式：这种转向装置是由齿轮机构将来自转向盘的旋转力进行减速，使转向盘的旋转运动变为涡轮蜗杆的旋转运动，滚珠螺杆和螺母夹着钢球啮合，因而滚珠螺杆的旋转运动变为直线运动，螺母再与扇形齿轮啮合，直线运动再次变为旋转运动，使连杆臂摇动，连杆臂再使连动拉杆和横拉杆做直线运动，改变车轮的方向，这是一种古典的机构，现代轿车已大多不再使用，但又被最新方式的助力转向装置所应用。它的原理相当于利用了螺母与螺栓在旋转过程中产生的相对移动，而在螺纹与螺纹之间夹入了钢球以减小阻力，所有钢球在一个首尾相连的封闭的螺旋曲线内循环滚动，循环球式故而得