文件类型:作业指导书编号:SEN-073-A0页数:1/6发行日期:2015-05-12300系列不锈钢柠檬酸钝化作业指引编制:审核:核准:印章控制栏:1.目的/purpose:规范与限制300系列不锈钢柠檬酸钝化作业流程,保证作业过程中的安全和作业后的产品品质/StipulateWorkInstructionofcitricacidpassivationon300seriesstainlesssteel.Makesureoperationsafetyandpartsquality。2.范围/scope:公司内部需要作柠檬酸钝化的300系列不锈钢产品(有其他特殊要求除外)/Allthepartsof300seriesstainlesssteelwhichneedscitricacidpassivation。3.参考文件:referencedocumentsMIL-F-14072ASTMA380AMSQQ-P-35AMS2700ASTMA9674.相关设备:relativeequipments钝化槽、柠檬酸钝化液、去离子水passivaioncontainer,citricacidsolution,deionizedwater钝化槽槽体必须采用硬性PVC或聚丙烯。辅助设备应采用塑料(PVC,PP),铁或其它金属禁止使用。ThematerialofcontainermustbePVCorpolypropylences,auxiliaryequipmentsmustbePVC,PP,ironandothermetalarenotallowtouse.5.Ref.Inf.(参考资料):前处理根据不同产品需要可能需增加以下前处理dobelowaccordingtherequirementsofdifferentproducts.1.预清洗precleaning预清洗就是在制造过程或最终清洗前去除油脂、油污、泥土、沙粒以及其他严重污染。预清洗并不像随后的清洗操作那么严格,一般也不那么彻底。材料都必须在热成型、退火以及其他高温操作前,在任何除锈处理前,在零件需要进入溶液进行最终清洗或是当清洗溶液需要重复使用时,材料应进行预清洗。产品需经过多次拉伸或一系列高温成型操作,其间需要退火处理的零件在每个加工程序后,在退火前都要进行清洗。预清洗可以通过蒸汽脱脂、浸泡、喷淋或用碱性或乳状洗调剂刷洗、压力蒸汽或高压水喷射清洗。Precleaningistheremovalofgrease,oil,paint,soil,grit,andothergrosscontaminationpreparatorytoafabricationprocessorfinalcleaning.precleaningisnotascriticalandisgenerallynotasthoroughassubsequentcleaningoperations.materialsshouldbeprecleanedbeforehot-forming,annealing,orotherhigh-temperatureoperationbeforeanydeacaling文件类型:作业指导书编号:SEN-073-A0页数:2/6发行日期:2015-05-12300系列不锈钢柠檬酸钝化作业指引编制:审核:核准:印章控制栏:operation,andbeforeanyfinish-cleaningoperationswherethepartswillbeimmersedorwherethecleaningsolutionswillbereused,itemsthataresubjecttoseveralredrawsoraserialsofhot-formingoperations,withintermediateanneals,mustbecleanedaftereachformingoperation,priortoannealing.Pre-cleaningmaybeaccomplishedbyvapordegreasing;immersionin,spraying,orswabbingwithalkalineoremulsioncleaner,steam,orhigh-pressurewater-jet.2.除锈de-scaling2.1常规除锈——除锈就是去除那些因热成型、热处理、焊接以及其他高温操作而产生的紧密粘附的后氧化膜。因扎制产品通常以去除氧化皮状态供货,在设备制造或系统安装的过程中除锈(去除焊接产生的局部氧化皮除外)并不是必需的。如有必要,氧化皮可以通过以下的化学方法之一去除,或机械方法,(例如:研磨、喷砂、砂纸打磨、磨削、电刷),或是化学和机械方法相结合。General-de-scalingistheremovalofheavy,tightlyadherentoxidefilmsresultingfromhot-forming,heat-treatments,welding,andotherhigh-temperatureoperationsbecausemillproductsareusuallysuppliedinthede-scaledcondition,de-scaling(exceptremovaloflocalizedscaleresultingfromwelding)isgenerallynotnecessaryduringfabricationofequipmentsorerectionofsystems.whennecessary,scalemayberemovalbyoneofthechemicalmethodslistedbelow,bymechanicalmethods(forexample,abrasiveblasting,sanding,grinding,powerbrushing),orbyacombinationofthese.2.2化学除锈(酸洗)——化学除锈剂包括硫酸、硝酸和氢氟酸水溶液,溶融碱和盐浴以及各种专用配方。Chemicalde-scaling(pickling)-chemicalde-scalingagentsincludeaqueoussolutionsofsulfuric,nitric,andhydrofluoricacid,moltenalkaliorsaltbaths,andvariousproprietaryformulations.2.2.1酸洗——硝酸-氢氟酸混合溶液是不锈钢制造厂最广泛使用的,可同时去除金属污染及焊接和热处理氧化皮。使用时应该谨慎控制,不推荐用于敏化奥氏体不锈钢或硬化马氏体不锈钢零件的除锈,或是可能与碳钢零件、组件、设备或系统接触的地方。单一的硝酸溶液去除厚的氧化皮通常无效。Acidpicking–nitric–hydrofluoricacidsolutionismostwidelyusedbyfabricatorsofstainlesssteelequipmentsandremovalbothmetalliccontamination,andweldingandheat-treatingscales.itsuseshouldbecarefullycontrolledandisnotrecommendedforde-scalingsensitizedausteniticstainlesssteelsorhardenedmartensitestainlesssteelsorwhereitcancomeintocontactwithcarbonsteelparts,assemblies,equipment,andsystems.solutionsofnitricacidaloneareusuallynoteffectiveforremovingheavyoxidescale.2.2.2欲除锈的表面通常化学处理前要预清洗。当产品的尺寸和形状许时,建议全部进入酸洗溶液中。当完全进入不切实际时,除锈可以用下面方法进行:(1)用刷式或喷淋方法浸湿表面;(2)用酸洗溶液部分充满产品,经转动或摇动使所有表面都得到要求的化学处理。表面应保持与搅动的溶液接触大概15至30分钟,或直到检验表明已经完全去除氧化皮。没有搅动,可能需要增加曝露在酸洗溶液中的时间。如果摇动或搅动是不切实际的,酸洗溶液可以循环流经产品或系统,直到检验表明已经完全去除氧化皮。Surfacetobede-scaledareusuallypre-cleanedpriortochemicaltreatments.Whensizeandshapepermit,totalimmersioninthepickingsolutionispreferred;whereimmersionisimpractical,de-scalingmaybeaccomplishedby(1)wettingthesurfacebyswabbingorspraying;or(2)bypartiallyfillingtheitemwithpickingsolutionandrolatingorrockingtosloshthesolutionsothatallsurfacereceivetherequiredchemicaltreatments.thesurfaceshouldbekeptincontactwithagitatedsolutionforabout15to30minoruntilinspectionshowsthatcompletescaleremovalhasbeenaccomplished.withoutagitation,additionalexposuretimemayberequired.ifrockingorrotationareimpracticable,pickingsolutionmaybecirculatedthroughtheitemorsystemuntilinspectionshowthatde-scalinghasbeenaccomplished.2.2.3过渡酸洗必须避免。能否用酸洗均匀去除氧化皮取决于所用的酸、酸浓度、溶液温度和接触时间。连续曝露在酸洗溶液中超过30分钟是不推荐的。30分钟后,产品应排空并冲洗,检验处理的效果。可能需要额外的处理时间。大多数酸洗溶液会松动焊接和热处理氧化皮,但不能完全去除氧化皮。用不锈钢刷或毛刷不断地刷洗,接合酸洗或最初的冲洗,助于去除氧化皮和化学反应的产物(即酸污垢)。Over-pickingmustavoided,uniformremovalofscalewithacidpickingdependsontheacidused,acidconcentration,solutiontemperature,andcontacttime.continuousexposuretopickingsolutionsformorethan30minis文件类型:作业指导书编号:SEN-073-A0页数:3/6发行日期:2015-05-12300系列不锈钢柠檬酸钝化作业指引编制:审核:核准:印章控制栏:notrecommended.theitemshouldbedrainedandrinsedafter30minutesexaminedtochecktheeffectivenessofthetreatment.additionaltreatmentsmayberequired.mostpickingsoluionswillloosenweldandheat-treatingscalebutmaynotremovethemcompletely,intermittentscrubbingwithstainlesssteelbrushorfiber-bristlebrush,inconjuncti