中国解决边界问题的模式摘要领土问题向来是人类战争与冲突缘起的根源之一。纵观人类的发展史,从西方国家的殖民扩张开始,帝国主义的侵略与瓜分就给许多战后取得独立的民族国家留下了无数领土争端与边界纠纷,成为困扰世界和平与稳定的重大国际议题。自新中国成立至今,与邻国的边界问题同样伴随着中国的发展进程。我国是世界上陆地邻国最多的国家与我国漫长的海岸线一起,造就了中国空前复杂的地缘战略环境。到目前为止的几十年时间里,虽然中国已与12个邻国正式解决了90%的陆地边界问题,也划定了第一条海上边界线,但时至今日中国的边界问题依然没有得到完全的解决。如何妥善处理这些边界的历史遗留问题对于中国的长治久安与和平发展至关重要。在整个解决边界问题的历史中,中国同一部分邻国通过和平谈判的方式顺利解决领土和边界争端,同另一部分国家则经历了且战且谈的历史过程。本文主要研究中国在处理领土争端时存在的模式及其做出两种不同政策选择的成因。本文试图通过对中国边界问题历史的梳理,从中发现中国解决边界问题中所存在的某种共性的元素,进而总结并提炼出中国解决边界问题的模式,并使用建构主义理论中的反射评价作为中国在这一模式中做出政策选择的理论依据,进而对中国解决边界问题时的现象和做法提供解释,并以此为依据对这种模式所遇到的挑战提出一定的建议。关键字:边界问题、中国模式、政策选择、反射评价AbstractTerritorialissueshavealwaysbeenanoriginofwarsandconflicts.Throughouthumanhistory,fromtheverybeginningofcolonialexpansionofWesterncountries,imperialistaggressionanddismembermenthaveleftnumerousterritorialandboundarydisputesformanynationstatesthatgainedtheirindependenceafterWorldWarII,whichhasbecomeaninternationalissuetroublingglobalpeaceandstability.SincetheestablishmentofnewPeople’sRepublicofChina,boundaryissueswithneighboringcountriesarealwaysentwinedintheprocessofChina’sdevelopment.Chinahasthemostlandneighboringcountriesintheworldandquitealongcoastline,whichhasmadeChina’sgeo-strategicenvironmentofunprecedentedcomplexity.Duringthepastseveraldecades,thoughChinahasformallyresolved90%ofitslandborderissueswithits12neighborsandalsodesignatedthefirstseaborderline,yetuntilnowChina'sborderissueshavenotbeenfullysolved.HowtoproperlyhandlethesehistoricalissuesisessentialtoChina'slong-termstabilityandpeacefuldevelopment.Intheoverallhistoryoftacklingtheborderissues,Chinahassuccessfullysettledterritorialandborderdisputeswithsomeneighboringcountriesthroughpeacefulnegotiations,whileexperiencingwar-and-talkwithsomeothercountries.ThispaperdevotestothestudyofChina’smodelsofhandlingborderdisputesandthecausesthatleadtothetwodifferentpolicychoices.ThispaperattemptstosortoutthehistoryofChineseborderissues.Bydoingso,wetrytolocatesomecommonelementsinthatprocessandsummarizethemodelofChina’shandlingofitsborderissues.ThenweusethethesisofreflectiveappraisaltoexplainthereasoncausedtheChina’sselectionofbordarypolicies,andusethismodeltogivesomessuggestionsonhowtoduewithborderissues.KeyWords:Borderissues,Chinamodel,policyselection,reflectiveappraisal目录引言.....................................................................................................................1一、选题目的及意义.............................................................................................1二、国内外研究现状.............................................................................................2第一章中国边界问题的历史与现状.......................................................................5第一节中国边界问题历史简述..........................................................................5第二节中国边界的遗留问题..............................................................................8一、中国与印度边界问题.....................................................................................8二、中国与不丹的边界问题.................................................................................9三、中国南海诸岛问题.........................................................................................9四、中日东海问题...............................................................................................10第二章中国解决边界问题的模式.......................................................................12第一节中国解决边界问题模式的含义.............................................................12第二节“一个政策”.........................................................................................13第三节“两条路线”...........................................................................................15一、“路线一”:坚持和平谈判...........................................................................15二、“路线二”:有限武力阻吓...........................................................................19第四节“三种结果”.........................................................................................22一、和平签约.......................................................................................................22二、回到循环.......................................................................................................22三、武力解决.......................................................................................................23第三章中国解决边界问题模式的影响因素与成因分析...................................24第一节影响因素的研究现状................................................................................24一、国内政治理论...............................................................................................25二、现实主义理论...............................................................................................25三、制度主义理论...............................................................................................26第二节影响因素的建构主义解释—反射评价....................................................26一、反射评价.......................................................................................................26二、中国边界问题中的反射评价.....................................................................28第三节中国解决边界问题模式的成因分析.........................................