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附录一：数学方面词汇既解释代数部分1、有关基本运算：add，plus加subtract减difference差multiply,times乘product积radicalsign,rootsign根号divide除divisible可被整除的dividedevenly被整除dividend被除数divisor因子，除数quotient商remainder余数factorial阶乘power乘方roundto四舍五入tothenearest四舍五入2、有关集合：union并集propersubset真子集solutionset解集3、有关代数式、方程和不等式algebraicterm代数项liketerms,similarterms同类项numericalcoefficient数字系数literalcoefficient字母系数inequality不等式triangleinequality三角不等式range值域originalequation原方程equivalentequation同解方程等价方程linearequation线性方程(e.g.5x+6=22)4、有关分数和小数properfraction真分数improperfraction假分数mixednumber带分数vulgarfraction，commonfraction普通分数simplefraction简分数complexfraction繁分数numerator分子denominator分母(least)commondenominator(最小)公分母quarter四分之一decimalfraction纯小数infinitedecimal无穷小数recurringdecimal循环小数tenthsunit十分位5.基本数学概念arithmeticmean算术平均值weightedaverage加权平均值geometricmean几何平均数exponent指数，幂base乘幂的底数,底边cube立方数，立方体squareroot平方根cuberoot立方根commonlogarithm常用对数digit数字constant常数variable变量inversefunction反函数complementaryfunction余函数linear一次的，线性的factorization因式分解absolutevalue绝对值，e.g.｜-32｜=32roundoff四舍五入6.有关数论naturalnumber自然数positivenumber正数negativenumber负数oddinteger,oddnumber奇数eveninteger,evennumber偶数integer,wholenumber整数positivewholenumber正整数negativewholenumber负整数consecutivenumber连续整数realnumber,rationalnumber实数,有理数irrational(number)无理数inverse倒数compositenumber合数e.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15……primenumber质数e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15……reciprocal倒数commondivisor公约数multiple倍数(least)commonmultiple(最小)公倍数(prime)factor(质)因子commonfactor公因子ordinaryscale,decimalscale十进制nonnegative非负的tens十位units个位mode众数median中数commonratio公比7.数列arithmeticprogression(sequence)等差数列geometricprogression(sequence)等比数列8.其它approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针方向cardinal基数ordinal序数directproportion正比distinct不同的estimation估计，近似parentheses括号proportion比例permutation排列combination组合table表格trigonometricfunction三角函数unit单位,位几何部分1.所有的角alternateangle内错角correspondingangle同位角verticalangle对顶角centralangle圆心角interiorangle内角exteriorangle外角supplementaryangles补角complementaryangle余角adjacentangle邻角acuteangle锐角obtuseangle钝角rightangle直角roundangle周角straightangle平角includedangle夹角2.所有的三角形equilateraltriangle等边三角形scalenetriangle不等边三角isoscelestriangle等腰三角形righttriangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribedtriangle内接三角形3.有关收敛的平面图形，除三角形外semicircle半圆concentriccircles同心圆quadrilateral四边形pentagon五边形hexagon六边形heptagon七边形octagon八边形nonagon九边形decagon十边形equilateral等边形polygon多边形parallelogram平行四边形plane平面square正方形，平方rectangle长方形regularpolygon正多边形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形4.其它平面图形arc弧line,straightline直线linesegment线段parallellines平行线segmentofacircle弧形5.有关立体图形cube立方体，立方数rectangularsolid长方体regularsolid/regularpolyhedron正多面体circularcylinder圆柱体cone圆锥sphere球体solid立体的6.有关图形上的附属物altitude高depth深度side边长radian弧度circumference,perimeter周长surfacearea表面积volume体积arm直角三角形的股crosssection横截面centerofacircle圆心chord弦radius半径anglebisector角平分线diagonal对角线diameter直径edge棱faceofasolid立体的面hypotenuse斜边includedside夹边leg三角形的直角边medianofatriangle三角形的中线base底边，底数(e.g.2的5次方，2就是底数)opposite直角三角形中的对边midpoint中点endpoint端点vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点tangent切线的transversal截线intercept截距7.有关坐标coordinatesystem坐标系rectangularcoordinate直角坐标系origin原点abscissa横坐标ordinate纵坐标numberline数轴quadrant象限slope斜率complexplane复平面8.其它planegeometry平面几何trigonometry三角学bisect平分circumscribe外切inscribe内切intersect相交perpendicular垂直Pythagoreantheorem勾股定理congruent全等的multilateral多边的附录二：物理学常用词汇表absoluteacceleration绝对加速度absoluteerror绝对误差absolutemotion绝对运动absolutetemperature绝对温度absolutevelocity绝对速度absolutezero绝对零度absorption吸收absorptivity吸收率acceleratedmotion加速运动accelerationofgravity重力加速度acceleration加速度accidentalerror偶然误差acoustics声学actingforce作用力adjustment调节aether以太airpump抽气机airtable气垫桌airtrack气垫导轨alternatingcurrentcircuit交流电路alternatingcurrentgenerator交流发电机alternatingcurrent交流电altimeter测高仪ammeter安培计amperemeter电流计ampere安培Ampere'sexperiment安培实验Ampere'sforce安培力Ampere'slaw安培定律amperemeter安培计amplitude振幅angleofrotation自转角，转动角angularacceleration角加速度angulardisplacement角位移angularvelocity角速度anion负离子anisotropy各向异性annihilation湮没anode阳极antenna天线appliedphysics应用物理学Archimedesprinciple阿基米德原理area面积argumentation论证argument辐角astigmatoscope散光镜atomicnucleus原子核atomicphysics原子物理学atomicspectrum原子光谱atomicstructure原子结构atom原子Atwood'smachine阿特伍德机averagepower平均功率averagevelocity平均速度balance天平Avogadroconstant阿伏加德罗常数Avogadrolaw阿伏加德罗定律ballisticgalvanometer冲击电流计bandspectrum带状谱barometer气压计basicquantity基本量basicunits基本单位batterycharger电池充电器battery,accumulator蓄电池battery电池组beam光束betatron电子感应加速器Bohratommodel玻尔原子模型boilingpoint沸点boiling沸腾bounce反弹boundcharge束缚电荷boundelectron束缚电子branchcircuit支路breakdown击穿brightness亮度buoyancyforce浮力calorifics热学camera照相机capacitance电容capacitor电容器capillarity毛细现象cathoderay阴极射线cathode-raytube阴极射线管cathode阴极cation正离子cell电池Celsiusscale摄氏温标centreofgravity重心centreofmass质心centrifugalforce离心力centripetalacceleration向心加速度centripetalforce向心力chainreaction链式反应chaos混沌characteristicspectrum特征光谱chargedbody带电体charge充电chargedparticle带电粒子circularholediffraction圆孔衍射circularmotion圆周运动classicalmechanics经典力学classicalphysics经典物理学cloudchamber云室coefficientofmaximumstaticfriction最大静摩摩系数coefficientofrestitution恢复系数coefficientofslidingfriction滑动摩