中小企业融资问题的探讨及国际借鉴

摘要改革开放以来，我国中小企业得到了迅猛的发展，已经成为我国现阶段最具竞争力的经济力量之一。加快中小企业的发展已成为全社会的共识。然而，中小企业在发展过程中所面临的融资困境已经成为制约其发展的首要问题。在货币政策紧缩的大环境下，中小企业融资难问题备受关注。本文旨在为解决这一问题提供一些对策建议。本文以中小企业的融资问题为探讨对象，以中小企业融资难为出发点，结合我国中小企业的实际特点，系统地分析了我国中小企业融资中存在的问题，剖析了中小企业融资难的原因。在此基础上，建议解决我国中小企业融资难的问题，应立足于我国实际，同时借鉴国际经验，切实解决这一问题。关键字：中小企业、融资困境、国际借鉴中小企业融资问题的探讨及国际借鉴-II-TheDiscussionofThemediumandsmall-sizedenterprises'financialproblemandInternationalexperiencesAbstractSincereformandopening-up,Themediumandsmall-sizedenterprisesofourcountryhavegotswiftandviolentdevelopment.Andhavealreadybecomeoneofthemostcompetitiveeconomicforcesnowinourcountry.QuickkeningthedevelopmentofSMEshasalreadybecomethecommonunderstandingofthewholesociety.However,thefinancialpredicamenthasbeentheprimaryproblemfortheSMEsduringthecourseoftheirdevelopment.Thispaperaimsatprovidingsomesuggestionsaboutthisproblem.Accordingtotheactualcharacteristics,thispapercompletelyanalysestheproblemsexistinginthesystemofinternalfinancing.Morever,thispaperpointsweshouldlearnaboutothercountries'experiencesandbaseonourownpracticetoresolvetheproblems.Keywords:MediumandSmall-sizedEnterprises、FinancialpredicamentInternationalexperiences中小企业融资问题的探讨及国际借鉴-III-目录摘要............................................................................................................................................1Abstract......................................................................................................................................II1概述.........................................................................................................................................11.1选题目的及意义..........................................................................................................11.2本文探讨的内容..........................................................................................................12国内外中小企业融资理论综述............................................................................................22.1国外中小企业融资理论综述......................................................................................22.2国内中小企业融资理论综述.....................................................................................33目前我国中小企业融资难的问题分析及原因探讨.............................................................43.1我国中小企业融资难的问题分析..............................................................................43.1.1企业自有资金缺乏...........................................................................................43.1.2间接融资方式单一...........................................................................................43.1.3直接融资困难...................................................................................................43.1.4抵押能力不强...................................................................................................53.1.5风险投资不发达...............................................................................................63.2我国中小企业融资难的原因分析.............................................................................63.2.1中小企业内部自身的原因...............................................................................63.2.2外部环境的原因分析.......................................................................................74中小企业融资的国际借鉴..................................................................................................104.1美国的中小企业融资模式........................................................................................104.2日本中小企业的融资模式........................................................................................115解决我国中小企业融资难的途径选择..............................................................................125.1增强自身实力............................................................................................................125.2发展和完善中小金融机构体系................................................................................135.3建立健全中小企业信用担保体系............................................................................135.4组建面向中小企业的产业投资基金........................................................................145.5完善资本市场............................................................................................................145.6开辟新的融资渠道....................................................................................................15结论..........................................................................................................................................18参考文献..................................................................................................................................19致谢..........................................................................................................................................20中小企业融资问题的探讨及国际借鉴–1–1概述1.1选题目的及意义无论是发达国家还是发展中国家，中小企业都是促进经济发展和维护社会稳定的重要支柱。亚太经合组织21个国家和地区的中小企业户数占各自企业总量的97％－99.7％，就业占55％－78％，GDP比重占50％以上，出口总量占40％－60％。德国把中小企业称为国家的“重要经济支柱”，日本则认为“没有中小企业的发展就没有日本的繁荣”，美国政府更把中小企业称作是“美国经济的脊梁”。目前,我国已注册的中小企业数量己超过2000万家，占全部注册企业数的99.5%，提供了75%的城镇就业机会,吸收约80%的新增就业人口，工业总产值和实现利税分别占全国的60%和45%。然而,由于我国的中小企业正处在一个规模扩张时期,仅靠初创时期的原始积累、民间借贷以及集资入股等方式的资本投入是无法满足其发展需要的