基于ARM平台的智能温控系统设计

沈阳理工大学学士学位论文I摘要温度的测量和控制在工业生产中有广泛的应用，尤其在石油、化工、电力、冶金等工业领域中，对度的测量和监控是非常重要的一个环节，温度参数是工业控制中的一项重要的指标。本文主要研究了基于ARM9架构的嵌入式Linux系统在工业领域中各种炉温控制场合中的应用。目前控制方案主要是采用传统的PLC和单片机进行控制。PLC主要是针对单项工程或者重复数极少的项目，灵活性相对不足，并且体积大，成本相对较高；而单片机主要用于小型设备的控制，具有成本低，功耗低，效率高的特点，但可移植性较差。为了适应信息产业的发展，新技术革新以及产业的专业化现代化的发展，本文针对PLC和单片机控制的优缺点和应用场合提出了采用ARM9嵌入式微控制器AT91RM920T和Linux操作系统相结合的嵌入式温度控制系统，具有系统扩展性强、可靠性高、响应速度快、体积小等特点，为用户提供了一种新型的控制方案。本文首先论述了嵌入式操作系统的组成，接着设计了温度控制系统的硬件系统，主要括CPU模块、模拟电路模块、存储模块和通信模块四个部分；在对温度控制系统的软件部分的设计中，主要是针对Boot-Loader的移植、Linux内核移植、根文件系统的定制、驱动程序的编写和应用程序的编写五部分进行设计。系统功能主要是循环采集AD通道数据，上传AD数据到服务器，接收服务器下发的控制数据包，记录日志等。通过在线运行测试，该系统稳定可靠，采集和控制效果良好，可有效降低了生产成本和工人的劳动强度，为安全生产提供保证。关键词：ARM；Linux；嵌入式系统；温度控制系统沈阳理工大学学士学位论文IIAbstractIt’sabroadapplicationtomeasureandcontroltemperatureintheindustryproduction.Especiallyinsomeindustry，suchasoil，chemistry，electricpower，metallurgy，it’Saveryimportanttachetomeasllreandcontroltemperature，temperatureparameterisallimportantindexinindustrycontrolsituation.ThepapermainlyresearchestheapplicationinkindsoftemperaturecontrolsituationsintheindustryfieldbasedonARM9constructandembeddedLinuxsystem.PresentlythecontrolprojectsnormallyarePLCandSCM.PLCnormallyaimsatsingleprojectorsmallrepetitionproject，lacksinagilityandvolume，thecostishighercomparatively；SCMismainlyusedintheminitypeequipment，thecostandthepowerislower，theefficiencyishigher，butitishardtotransplant.Inordertoadapttotheimprovementofinformationindustry，thepaperfocusesonstrongpointa，weakpointsandappliedfieldsofPLCandSCM，andputsforwardtoadoptARM9embeddedmicrocontrollerandLinuxoperationsystemtocontrolthetemperature，Ithasagoodexpansibility，dependability，fastresponsespeed，smallvolume，offersanewtypecontrolprojecttousers.Firstlythepaperdiscussesthecomposingoftheembeddedoperationsystem，thendesignsthehardwaresystemoftemperaturecontrolsystemwhichmainlyconsistsofCPUmodule，analogcircuitmodde，storagemoduleandcommunicationmodule；Inthedesignofsoftwaresystem，weaimatthetransplantofBoot-loader，thetransplantofLinuxkernel，thetailorofrootfilesystem，theprogrammingofdfiversandapplications.ThefunctionsofsystemmainlyarecircularlysamplingthedatafromtheADchannels，uploadingthedatatotheserver，andreceivingthecontroldatapackagefromtheserverandrecordlogs.Througtheonlinetest，weconcludethat，thesystemissteady，hasgoodsamplingandcontroleffect.Itcanbegoodforreducingthecostofproductionandlabourintensity，andguaranteesthesafeproduction.Keywords：ARM，Linux，embeddedsystem，temperaturecontrolsystem沈阳理工大学学士学位论文III目录1绪论.................................................................11.1嵌入式的概述............................................................................................................11.1.1嵌入式系统的定义..........................................................................................11.1.2嵌入式系统的特点..........................................................................................21.2国内外现状以及研究意义........................................................................................21.3选题背景和主要工作................................................................................................32温度控制系统总体方案设计..............................................52.1系统概述....................................................................................................................52.2系统的总体架构........................................................................................................52.2.1硬件系统的设计原则......................................................................................52.2.2系统硬件的整体结构......................................................................................62.2.3系统软件的整体结构......................................................................................63温度控制系统的硬件设计................................................83.1AT91RM9200芯片介绍............................................................................................83.1.1ARM920T处理器概述....................................................................................83.1.2ARM920T系统结构分析................................................................................83.1.3ARM920T的存储器格式..............................................................................103.2外围电路设计..........................................................................................................103.2.1AT91RM9200相关接口和控制器...............................................................103.2.2模拟电路设计................................................................................................123.2.3存储模块设计................................................................................................143.2.4通讯模块设计................................................................................................164嵌入式Linux操作系统的建立...........................................174.1交叉编译环境的建立..............................................................................................174.2Boot-Loader模块设计.............................................................................................184.2.1Boot-Loader概述....................................