搜索
論語ConfucianAnalectsJamesLegge,1893學而第一BookI:HsioRChapter1子曰：“學而時習之，不亦說乎？有朋自遠方來，不亦樂乎？人不知而不慍，不亦君子乎？”Thewholeworkandachievementofthelearner,firstperfectinghisknowledge,thenattractingbyhisfamelike-mindedindividuals,andfinallycompleteinhimself.1.TheMastersaid,Isitnotpleasanttolearnwithaconstantperseveranceandapplication?2.Isitnotdelightfultohavefriendscomingfromdistantquarters?3.Ishenotamanofcompletevirtue,whofeelsnodiscomposurethoughmenmaytakenonoteofhim?achievement[əˈtʃi:vmənt]n.完成；成就perfect[ˈpɜ:fɪkt]v.使完善；使完备；使完美attract[əˈtrækt]vt.吸引；引起…的好感fame[feɪm]n.名声；名望like-minded[laɪk'maɪndɪd]adj.志趣相投的individuals[ɪndɪ'vɪdʒʊəlz]n.[口语]人；某种类型的人constant[ˈkɒnstənt]adj.不断的，持续的，始终如一的perseverance[ˌpɜ:sɪˈvɪərəns]n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神delightful[dɪˈlaɪtfl]adj.令人高兴的；令人愉快的；宜人的distant[ˈdɪstənt]adj.遥远的，远离的quarter[ˈkwɔ:tə(r)]n.地区virtue[ˈvɜ:tʃu:]n.美德；德行；价值discomposure[ˌdɪskəm'pəʊʒə(r)]n.心乱，不安takenoteof注意，留意Chapter2有子曰：“其爲人也孝弟，而好犯上者，鮮矣。不好犯上，而好作亂者，未之有也。君子務本，本立而道生。孝弟也者，其爲仁之本與！”Filialpietyandfraternalsubmissionarethefoundationofallvirtuouspractice.1.ThephilosopherYûsaid,Theyarefewwho,beingfilialandfraternal,arefondofoffendingagainsttheirsuperiors.Therehavebeennone,who,notlikingtooffendagainsttheirsuperiors,havebeenfondofstirringupconfusion.2.Thesuperiormanbendshisattentiontowhatisradical.Thatbeingestablished,allpracticalcoursesnaturallygrowup.Filialpietyandfraternalsubmission!--aretheynottherootofallbenevolentactions?filial[ˈfɪliəl]adj.子女的piety[ˈpaɪəti]n.虔诚，虔敬；孝顺fraternal[frəˈtɜ:nl]adj.兄弟的；兄弟般的submission[səbˈmɪʃn]n.服从；谦恭，柔顺virtuous[ˈvɜ:tʃuəs]adj.道德的，有德行的；善良的philosopher[fəˈlɒsəfə(r)]n.哲学家；思想家offend[əˈfend]vt.触怒；冒犯superior[su:ˈpɪəriə(r)]n.上级，上司；优胜者stirup[stə:ʌp]激起；挑起；搅扰bend[bend]vt.（使）弯曲；强行；集中全力于radical[ˈrædɪkl]adj.根本的，基本的；彻底的benevolent[bəˈnevələnt]adj.乐善好施的；慈善的Chapter3子曰：“巧言令色，鮮矣仁。”Fairappearancesaresuspicious.TheMastersaid,Finewordsandaninsinuatingappearanceareseldomassociatedwithtruevirtue.fair[feə(r)]adj.公平的；晴朗的；美丽的appearance[əˈpɪərəns]n.外貌，外观suspicious[səˈspɪʃəs]adj.可疑的；怀疑的；不信任的insinuating[ɪn'sɪnjʊeɪtɪŋ]adj.曲意巴结的，暗示的beassociated[əˈsəʊʃieɪt]with和…联系在一起；与…有关Chapter4曾子曰：“吾日三省吾身：爲人謀而不忠乎？與朋友交而不信乎？傳不習乎？”HowthephilosopherTsangdailyexaminedhimself,toguardagainsthisbeingguiltyofanyimposition.ThephilosopherTsangsaid,Idailyexaminemyselfonthreepoints:--whether,intransactingbusinessforothers,Imayhavebeennotfaithful;--whether,inintercoursewithfriends,Imayhavebeennotsincere;--whetherImayhavenotmasteredandpracticedtheinstructionsofmyteacher.philosopher[fəˈlɒsəfə(r)]n.哲学家，哲人；思想家guilty[ˈgɪlti]adj.内疚的；有罪的imposition[ˌɪmpəˈzɪʃn]n.强加；被迫接受；过分的要求transact[trænˈzækt]vt.办理（业务等）faithful[ˈfeɪθfl]adj.忠实的；忠诚的；正确的intercourse[ˈɪntəkɔ:s]n.交流，交往，交际sincere[sɪnˈsɪə(r)]adj.真诚的，诚挚的；〈古〉纯粹的master[ˈmɑ:stə(r)]vt.精通，熟练instruction[ɪnˈstrʌkʃn]n.授课；教诲；传授的或获得的课程Chapter5子曰：“道千乘之國，敬事而信，節用而愛人，使民以時。”Fundamentalprinciplesforthegovernmentofalargestate.TheMastersaid,Toruleacountryofathousandchariots,theremustbereverentattentiontobusiness,andsincerity;economyinexpenditure,andloveformen;andtheemploymentofthepeopleattheproperseasons.Chapter6子曰：“弟子入則孝，出則弟，謹而信，汎愛眾，而親仁。行有餘力，則以學文。”Rulesforthetrainingoftheyoung:--dutyfirstandthenaccomplishments.TheMastersaid,Ayouth,whenathome,shouldbefilial,and,abroad,respectfultohiselders.Heshouldbeearnestandtruthful.Heshouldoverflowinlovetoall,andcultivatethefriendshipofthegood.Whenhehastimeandopportunity,aftertheperformanceofthesethings,heshouldemploytheminpolitestudies.Chapter7子夏曰：“賢賢易色；事父母，能竭其力；事君，能致其身；與朋友交，言而有信。雖曰未學，吾必謂之學矣。”Tsze-hsiâ'sviewsofthesubstanceoflearning.Tsze-hsiâsaid,Ifamanwithdrawshismindfromtheloveofbeauty,andappliesitassincerelytotheloveofthevirtuous;if,inservinghisparents,hecanexerthisutmoststrength;if,inservinghisprince,hecandevotehislife;if,inhisintercoursewithhisfriends,hiswordsaresincere:--althoughmensaythathehasnotlearned,Iwillcertainlysaythathehas.Chapter8子曰：“君子不重則不威，學則不固，主忠信，無友不如己者，過則勿憚改。”Principlesofself-cultivation.1.TheMastersaid,Ifthescholarbenotgrave,hewillnotcallforthanyveneration,andhislearningwillnotbesolid.2.Holdfaithfulnessandsincerityasfirstprinciples.3.Havenofriendsnotequaltoyourself.4.Whenyouhavefaults,donotfeartoabandonthem.Chapter9曾子曰：“愼終追遠，民德歸厚矣。”Thegoodeffectofattentiononthepartofsuperiorstotheofficesofthedead:--anadmonitionofTsângShan.ThephilosopherTsangsaid,Lettherebeacarefulattentiontoperformthefuneralritestoparents,andletthembefollowedwhenlonggonewiththeceremoniesofsacrifice;--thenthevirtueofthepeoplewillresumeitsproperexcellence.Chapter10子禽問於子貢曰：“夫子至於是邦也，必聞其政。求之與？抑與之與？”子貢曰：“夫子溫﹑良﹑恭﹑儉﹑讓以得之。夫子之求之也，其諸異乎人之求之與？”CharacteristicsofConfucius,andtheirinfluenceontheprincesofthetime.1.Tsze-ch'inaskedTsze-kung,saying,Whenourmastercomestoanycountry,hedoesnotfailtolearnallaboutitsgovernment.Doesheaskhisinformation?orisitgiventohim?2.Tsze-kungsaid,Ourmasterisbenign,upright,courteous,temperate,andcomplaisantandthushegetshisinformation.Themaster'smodeofaskinginformation!--isitnotdifferentfromthatofothermen?Chapter11子曰：“父在，觀其志。父沒，觀其行。三年無改於父之道，可謂孝矣。”Onfilialduty.TheMastersaid,Whileaman'sfatherisalive,lookatthebentofhiswill;whenhisfatherisdead,