《词类句子成分与句子类型》学案

我总结我快乐我记忆我提高1《词类、句子成分与句子类型》学案班级__________姓名__________一、词类(PartofSpeech)1.词的分类英语中的词根据其________、__________以及在句子中的________可以分成十大类。词类英语名称缩写形式请举例说明名词Nounn.代词Pronounpron.形容词Adjectiveadj./a.数词Numeralnum动词Verbv.(vi./vt.)副词Adverbadv.冠词Articleart.介词Prepositionprep.连词Conjunctionconj.感叹词Interjectionint.其中，______、代词、_______、数词、_______、副词能在句子中_______充当成分，称为_________。其他成为虚词，不能在句子中独立充当成分。2.请判断下列画线词的词类。同一个词在不同的场合可以作不同的词类。Iusedtoswiminthepondinfrontofmyhouse.__________I’dliketohaveaswiminthepond.__________Applesusuallygrowinthenorth.__________TheweatherindryinsummerinNorthChina.__________Thewildducksareflyingnorth.__________Hegavemeaphotoalbumasapresent.__________Thepresentsituationisgood.__________Hewaspresentattheparty.__________Hewasbadlyhurtinthehead.__________Theshipwasheadingforthebarbour.__________二、句子（Sentence）的种类句子是具有一定的语法结构，表达一个独立完整意义的语言单位。书面上，用标点符号断开。句首字母要大写，句末通常用句号、问号、感叹号。句子的分类如下：1．按交际功能分为四类：__________（肯定，否定）DeclarativeSentence_________（一般疑问，特殊疑问，选择疑问，反意疑问）InterrogativeSentence__________ImperativeSentence__________ExclamatorySentence2．按句子的结构分为三类：__________SimpleSentence__________CompoundSentence__________ComplexSentence三、句子成分句子一般可以分成几个部分，每个部分在句中具有一定的功能，称为句子成分。不同的句子成分由一定的词类或词组充当。我总结我快乐我记忆我提高21.主语（Subject）主语是句子的__________，是一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。一般由__________、__________、__________、__________（不定式、动名词）或名词性从句中的__________从句充当。请用下划线标出句子的主语，并在空格处写明其词类。Theplanehasjusttakenoffattheairport.__________TheyarestudentsfromtheUnitedStates.__________Twelvedividedbythreeisfour.__________TohavetheEnglishnewsrecordedtakesupmuchofmysparetime.__________Playingfootballismyhobby.__________Whattheysaidseemsreasonable.__________2.谓语（Predicate）谓语是对句子主语加以说明，提供有关信息的部分。谓语通常由动词(__________LinkVerb，__________TransitiveVerb或__________IntransitiveVerb)充当，位于主语之后。Eg.Themandiveddeepinthesea.谓语动词不只限于单个动词，也可以带有__________。Eg.Wewillhaveamedicalexaminationnextweek.Hehasbeenawayfromhomeformonths.句子一般都必须有谓语动词。谓语动词是不能被遗漏的，而且，其他词类不能充当谓语动词。请判断下列句子的正误，T代表正确，F代表错误。Thefamilyfondofpopmusic.__________Thefamilyarefondofpopmusic.__________Helenpastmeinahurry.__________Helenpassedmeinahurry.__________Heplannedtoacrossthelakeinaboat.__________Heplannedtocrossthelakeinaboar.__________3.宾语（Object）宾语是__________动词所表示动作的对象，或者是__________词所表示的某种联系的对象。换句话说，及物动词和介词后都要带宾语。宾语一般由名词、代词、动名词、不定式、名词性从句中的__________从句来充当。请用下划线标出句子的宾语，并在空格处写明其词类。Thewaiterbroughttwocoffeestous.__________Theladywaslookingatherselfinthemirror.__________Wehopetogetsomehelpfromthem.__________Shehatestroublingherclassmates.__________Thebookisabouthowpandasliveinthemountain.__________4.定语(Attributive)定语是对__________或__________加以修饰或限定。通常由形容词、副词、介词词组、非谓语形式或者__________从句担当。请用下划线标出句子的定语，并在空格处写明其词类。Thereisalonglinewaitingtogetthenewstamps.__________I’msorryIdon’tknowthemanoverthere.__________Iwonderwhomthebooksontheshelfbelongto.__________Thetheatrewhichwillbecompletedintwomonthswillbeamodernone.__________5.状语(Adverbial)状语主要用以修饰__________、形容词、和副词，一般由副词、形容词、介词词组、__________形式、__________从句充当。我总结我快乐我记忆我提高3请用下划线标出句子的状语，并在空格处写明其词类。Theproblemisprettyhard.__________Afterthelongjourney,thethreeofthemwentbackhome,hungryandtired.（08北京卷)__________TheymanagedtofinishthejobbeforeMonday.__________Theoldmansatonthebench,enjoyingtheafternoonsun.__________Ashewasleavingtheoffice,itstartedtorain.__________6.补语（Complement）补语用来补充说明__________语或__________语的身份或特征。6.1.位于系动词后的补语也称为__________语(Predicate)，用来补充说明主语的身份或特征。名词、形容词充当、副词、介词词组、动词非谓语形式以及名词性从句中的__________从句都可以充当表语。请用下划线标出句子的表语，并在空格处写明其词类。Alisatailor.__________Thingsgotworseandworse.__________Timeisup.__________Thegirlsareinthegarden.__________Allshedideverydaywasraisingthesquerrels.__________Thatiswherewefirstmet.__________6.2.用以补充说明宾语的成分称为__________补足语。一般由名词、形容词、动词非谓语形式担当。当这种结构的主语和宾语互换，也就是变成被动语态时，宾语补语就变成了__________补足语。请用下划线标出句子的补足语，如果是宾语补足语请写ＯＣ，如果是主语的补足语请写ＳＣ。EveryonecallshimUncleBen.__________HeiscalledUncleBen.__________Fatherexpectedhissontolearnmedicine.__________Hissonwasexpectedtolearnmedicine.__________Wefoundthebankrobbedthenightbefore.__________Thebankwasfoundrobbedthenightbefore.__________Themotherlefttheboycryingalone.__________Theboywasleftcryingalone.__________四、句子的五大基本句型结构句子是由不同的__________按一定的语言规则相互组合而成。不同的句子成分在句中有序排列，形成不同的句型结构。S----主语V----谓语动词O----宾语C----补语A----状语P----表语L----系动词请记录句型结构谓语的特征例句____________________谓语动词为不及物动词。Thetemperaturedropped.Theylivedinthecityago.________/_______-谓语动词为系动词。Thehallgrewquiet.____________________谓语动词为及物动词。（少数动词可连接与他们同源的名词做宾语，称之为同源宾语。）Hepickedarose.Hediedaheroicdeath.Sheputtheteapotontheshelf.__________谓语动词为能带双宾语的及物动词。.Heshowedmehisnewwatch.__________谓语动词为能带复合宾语的及物动词。Shemadehersonbehavewell.我总结我快乐我记忆我提高4注意：请听写出常用的系动词(LinkVerb)：_______变得_______变得_______觉得是_______似乎是_______变得_______变得_______听起来是_______落下_______变得_______是_______证明是、结果是_______处于（某状态）_______变得______闻起来是_______仍然是_______保持_______变得_______尝起来是_______仍然是_______显得常见的引导同源宾语的动词有：单词请写出其名词例句die__________Hisgrandfatherdiedanaturaldeath.smile__________Shesmiledabittersmile.live__________TomandMarylivedahappylife.dream__________Shehasneverdreamedsuchahorribledreambefore.fight__________Theywerede