QY16U型汽车起重机吊臂及伸缩机构毕业设计说明书

沈阳建筑大学毕业设计1摘要在我国，汽车起重机发展已有六十多年的历史了，由于受到客观条件的限制，一度发展较慢，进入九十年代发展迅速，但与国际先进水平还相差很远，主要表现在产品质量的稳定性，自动化，智能化等方面。随着经济建设的迅速发展，我国的基础建设力度正逐渐加大，道路交通，机场，港口，水利水电，市政建设等基础设施的建设规模也越来越大，汽车起重机的市场需求也随之增加。本文是对QY16U型汽车起重机的吊臂伸缩机构进行设计，确定吊臂主要尺寸、质量参数，确定各部件、总成的相互位置关系，利用Solidworks完成QY16U汽车起重机吊臂伸缩机构的三维实体装配模型，利用Ansys对结构件进行强度校核，对确定中、小型汽车起重机的设计方案具有很强的现实意义。关键词：汽车起重机；吊臂；伸缩机构沈阳建筑大学毕业设计2ABSTRACTThedesignandproductionofthetruckcranehavemorethan50year’shistoryinourcountry.Thedevelopmentoftruckcrane,however,hassloweddownforsomeobjectivereasons.Since1990’s,itwasacceleratedinourcountry,buttheproductsstillcouldnotreachtheadvancedinternationallevelinthequalitystability,autnation,andintelligent.Withtherapiddevelopmentofeconomicconstruction,China'sinfrastructureisgraduallyimprovingtheintensity.Roadtraffic,airports,ports,waterconservancyandhydropower,municipalconstructionofinfrastructuresuchasthescaleofconstructionisalsorapidlygrowing.Cranetruckcranemarketisalsoondemandwiththeincrease.ThethesisisthestudyofthetypeoftruckcraneQY16UdesignandthediscourseuponchoicesofTelescopiccraneagency.Theoveralllayoutandstability,thedesignoftheliftingmechanismandcalculationmethods.Itisalsodiscussedchieflyconcernswithhowtodeterminethewholemachinesize,qualityparameters,andhowtodeterminethecomponents,assemblylocationofthemutualrelations.TheusingofSolidworkstocompletetheQY16Utelescopiccraneagencyofthree-dimensionalsolidmodel,andtheusingofAnsystoanalysethestrengthofstructural,haveastrongpracticalsignificancetoidentifythesmallandmedium-sizedtruckcranedesign.Keywords:truckcrane；Telescopic；craneagency沈阳建筑大学毕业设计3目录第一章绪论..............................................................11.1概论.................................................................11.2汽车起重机的发展趋势.................................................11.2.1广泛采用液压技术...................................................11.2.2通用与专用起重机...................................................21.2.3重视“三化”逐步过渡采用国际化标准.................................21.2.4发展一机多用产品....................................................21.2.5采用新技术、新材料、新结构、新工艺..................................31.2.6国外汽车起重机发展过程及主要机种....................................31.3汽车起重机现代设计方法概述...........................................41.3.1汽车起重机现代设计方法概述计算机辅助设计（CAD）....................51.3.2模块化设计.........................................................51.3.3有限元设计.........................................................51.3.4优化设计............................................................51.3.5动态仿真设计........................................................51.4课题背景.............................................................61.5课题任务.............................................................7第二章吊臂技术参数的确定................................................82.1吊臂主要性能参数.....................................................82.2QY16U型汽车起重机吊臂主要参数........................................82.3各节吊臂尺寸的确定...................................................9沈阳建筑大学毕业设计4第三章臂架伸缩机构的设计...............................................123.1臂架伸缩机构的设计...................................................123.1.1臂架伸缩机构类型..................................................123.1.2伸缩方式对起重机性能的影响........................................123.1.3伸缩臂截面形式的分析比较及选择....................................133.1.4吊臂截面尺寸的确定................................................163.2臂架计算............................................................163.2.1载荷的确定和组合..................................................163.2.2臂架强度验算......................................................183.2.3臂架箱板的局部稳定性校核..........................................21第四章Solidworks三维实体设计...........................................234.1Solidworks软件的特点................................................234.2Solidworks在本设计中的作用..........................................23第五章有限元分析.......................................................265.1伸缩吊臂的结构组成及分析方法.........................................265.2伸缩吊臂有限元模型建立...............................................275.2.1实体建模...........................................................275.2.2单元选取及网格划分................................................275.2.3滑块接触处模型处理................................................285.2.4加载及约束处理....................................................285.3计算结果与分析......................................................295.4本章小结.............................................................31沈阳建筑大学毕业设计5第六章结论与技术经济分析...............................................326.1结论.................................................................326.2计算结果与分析......................................................33第七章汽车起重机发展...................................................34参考文献................................................................37致谢..............................................................40附录一中文翻译附录二外文资料原文沈阳建筑大学毕业设计6前言现今，随着工业建设和民用建设的飞速发展，汽车起重机已经成为水利、电力、冶金、化工、港口装卸、国防建设及房屋建设必不可少的工程机械。正确选用、维护和保养好汽车起重机，是保证施工进度、延长汽车起重机使用寿命、保障安全生产的必须举措。本文对QY16U型汽车起重机的吊臂伸缩机构的设计和计算方法做出阐述。确定吊臂主要尺寸、质量参数，确定各部件、总成的相互位置关系，通过各部件、总成位置关系，利用Solidworks完成QY16U汽车起重机吊臂伸缩机