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专题二动词和动词短语◆动词的辨析动词包括连系动词、及物动词和不及物动词、持续性动词与非持续性动词，是高考考查的重点，无论是单项填空还是完形填空等题型中，动词辨析的比重都很大，并有逐年增加的趋势。动词辨析主要指：1．词形相近的动词之间的辨析。如：lie，lay；rise，raise；sit，seat等。2．意义相近的动词之间的辨析。如：borrow，lend；speak，say，talk；hope，wish等。3．动词与其他词形相近、意义相似的词的辨析。如：advise，advice；cost，worth；pass，past等。4．意义不同但容易混淆的动词的辨析。如：explain，say；discover，invent；uncover，find等。5．某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨析。如：ask，give，call，make，get，keep，want，see，hear等。6．某些常用动词短语的辨析。如：givein，giveup；turnon，turnoff，turndown，turnup等。题组训练1选词填空A.remind，negotiate，fail，limit，order1．Williamfounditincreasinglydifficulttoread，forhiseyesightwasbeginningtofail.2．Ifyoudon’tlikethedrinkyouorderedjustleaveitandtryadifferentone.3．Mary，IremindedJohnofhispromisetohelpyou.4．Knowledgeandlearningareimportantifwewanttobesuccessful，buttheymayalsolimitourthinking.5．Thegovernmentrefusestonegotiatewithterrorists.B.open，accumulate，reserve，earn，deny6．Clinicalevidencebegantoaccumulate，suggestingthatthenewdrugshadawiderrangeofusefulactivitiesthanhadbeenpredictedfromexperimentsinanimals.7．—Areyoustillmadather?—Notreally，butIcan’tdenythatherremarkshurtme.8．I’dprefertoreservemyjudgmentuntilIfindalltheevidence.9．Youareoldenoughtoearnyourownliving.10．IopenedabankaccountafterImade﹩1,000bydoingaparttimejobduringthesummervacation.◆动词短语的考查要点动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。需掌握以下要点：1．根据动词短语的不同特点，掌握其运用规律。(1)动词＋副词(不及物)Tomturnedupafterthepartywheneveryonehadleft.(2)动词＋副词(及物)Pleaseturneverylightinthehouseoff.注意：①如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开。Sheturnedoffallthelightswhichhadbeenlefton.②如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。Shegavethemaway.(3)动词＋介词(及物)Youshouldlearntocareaboutothers.注意：当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。(4)动词＋副词＋介词Ilookforwardtoseeingyousoon.注意：“动词＋介词”、“动词＋名词＋副词”、“动词＋副词＋介词”，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。Inthiswaybothgrainandvegetablescanbewelllookedafter.(不能漏掉after)2．熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的差异。(1)同一动词和不同介词搭配时意义上的差异。①hearfrom收到……的来信hearof听说②lookafter照料lookat看lookfor寻找(2)同一动词和不同副词搭配时意义上的差异。①ringback回电话ringoff挂断电话ringup打电话②putaway放好，收起puton穿上；上演putup挂起；举起(3)不同动词和同一介词搭配时意义上的差异。lookfor寻找askfor请求waitfor等候sendfor派人去叫(4)不同动词和同一副词搭配时意义上的差异。①breakout发生；爆发carryout进行；开展goout熄灭handout分发letout放出lookout当心sellout卖完setout出发takeout取出workout算出②breakdown坏了comedown落下来getdown下车takedown取下writedown写下题组训练2选词填空A.speedup，workout，putupwith，bringdown1．Icanputupwiththehousebeinguntidy，butIhateitifit’snotclean.2．Weaimtobringdownthecostofdailylife.3．Theyarebroadeningthebridgetospeeduptheflowoftraffic.4．Youcan’tpredicteverything.Oftenthingsdon’tworkoutasyouexpect.B.careabout，bringup，turndown，putup5．—Youlookupset.What’sthematter?—Ihadmyproposalturneddownagain.6．Ifyoucareaboutfaultsbutyoustillwantthebicycle，asktheshopassistanttoreducetheprice.7．Hedecidedthathewoulddriveallthewayhomeinsteadofputtingupatahotelforthenight.8．Bornintoafamilywiththreebrothers，Davidwasbroughtuptovaluethesenseofsharing.C.takeon，goover，comeacross，lookup9．Togetabettergrade，youshouldgooverthenotesagainbeforethetest.10．IoftenlookupthewordsIdon’tknowinthedictionaryorontheInternet.11．Shecameacrossanoldfriendofhersyesterdaywhileshewasshoppingatthedepartmentstore.12．Someinsectstakeonthecoloroftheirsurroundingstoprotectthemselves.◆易错易混点1．lay(放)，lie(躺)与lie(说谎)，这三个易混动词构成见下表：原形过去式过去分词lay放，搁；下蛋，产卵laidlaidlie躺；位于laylainlie说谎liedlied2.rise和raise：rise是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词是risen，而raise是及物动词，是规则动词。3．hang的用法：hang有两个意思：一为“悬挂”，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是hung；二为“绞刑”，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。4．sit与seat：seat为及物动词时作“容纳”讲，sit只是表示一个动作；seat表示“就座”时要用beseated或用seatoneself。如：Theywereseatedattheirdesks.或Iseatedmyselfinthearmchair.5．win与beat：win作“胜、赢”讲时其后应接agame，anargument，abattle，aprize，acontest，arace，abet等，但不能接人，如果接人则有另外的含义。如：Ihavewonhim.即“我已说服他了，我赢得了他的好感。”而beat是及物动词，意为“击败、胜过”，直接接人、队。6．lost，gone与missing：作补足语时意为“丢失、不见了”，可以用lost，gone，但要用miss时则不能用missed，而要用missing。◆语法与写作根据提示翻译下面的句子1．必须指出我愿意在这个假期里去旅游。(pointout)(2013·山东·写作)ItmustbepointedoutthatIwouldlovetogotravellingduringthisholiday.2．踢足球和看电视占据了我很多的业余时间。(takeup)(2013·四川·书面表达)PlayingfootballandwatchingTVtakeupmuchofmysparetime.3．我必须使自己适应美国的生活方式，帮助他们了解中国文化的最优秀部分。(adaptto)(2013·浙江·书面表达)IhadtoadaptmyselftotheirAmericanlifestyleandhelpthemunderstandthebestpartofChineseculture.4．前面将会有很多挑战，但我有信心我会挑起这个担子。(takeon)(2013·天津·书面表达)Therewillbemanychallengesahead，butIhaveconfidencethatI’lltakeontheburden.5．在中国，这些中国结(Chineseknot)代表友谊、爱和好运。(standfor)(2013·新课标全国Ⅱ·书面表达)InChina，theseChineseknotsstandforfriendship，loveandgoodluck.◆语法填空Asyoucansee，waterworkshardinyourbodyeveryday.That’s1.whyit’simportanttogiveyourbodythewateritneeds2.tocarry(carry)outallitsdifferentjobs.3.Onaregularday，yourbodyloses2to3quartsofwater—enoughtofill4.a2litersodabottle.Youprobablyguessthatwater5.islost(lose)whenyousweat—especiallyonahotday.Butyourbodyalsoloseswaterinanalmost6.invisible(visible)way—evaporation.Waterescapesfromyourbodythroughyourskinandinyourbreath.How？Yourbreathcontainsdroplets(小水滴)ofwater7.that/whichareusuallytootinytosee.8.Theybecomevisibleforaquicksecondinthecoldwhenyoucan“seeyourbreath”．Butwaterevaporatesthiswayallyearround.Yourskinalsocontainswater，whichescapesintinydropletsthatgo9.intotheair.Thewaterinyourskinevaporatesintotheair，bu