专题1定语从句和名词性从句

1专题一定语从句和名词性从句一，各从句概念及特点简析：名称定义特点定语从句修饰限定名词或代词的从句跟在名词或代词之后名词性从句主从主句中作主语的从句引导词在句首或前有it从句在后表从主句中作表语的从句跟在系动词词之后宾从主句中作宾语的从句跟在动词或介词之后同位语从句主句中作同位语的从句跟在抽象名词之后说明其内容二，各从句引导词对比简析：三，定名从解题两步法：1）判断从句成分是否完整，排除一部分选项。2）定语从句看先行词做最终选择，名词性从句看题意做最终选择。四，注意特殊问题。1），定语从句中that的两用两不用原则：两用：1）先行词是最高级，序数词，不定代词或有人有物时；2）先行词被以上词或theonly/thevery/thelast修饰时；两不用：1）在非限制性定语从句中不用that；2）关系词置于介词之后不用that；2），在定语从句中，当that/which/who/whom做从句宾语的时候，可省略。在宾语从句中，that可省略。其他情况下，只要是从句必须要有引导词。从句成分不完整（引导词主要作主语宾语）从句成分完整（引导词作状语）定语从句指人：that,who,whom.指物：that,which.表所属关系：whose（作定语）as：主要在非限中指代整个主句。指地点及抽像化地点where指时间：when指原因：why介词+which/whom名词/代词+of+which/whom名词性从句指事物：what,which指人：who,whom表所属关系：whosethat,（无词义）if/whether(是否),asif(好像，引导表语从句)when,where,how,why.区别1、that在定从中作成份，在名从中不作成份，且不翻译。2、what,how只用于名从；as只用于定从。3、在名从中，whether和if同时出现时，首选whether。4、which在名从中译为“哪一（个）”。5、在名从中，“wh”词加“ever”意思变为“无论…”。23），定从中用“介词+which/whom”引导从句时，介词根据先行词和从句之间搭配来确定。如：HeistheboywithwhomIplayedyesterday.(搭配：Iplayedwiththeboyyesterday.)4)，定语从句中先行词是theway且从句完整时，引导词有that/inwhich/省略。5），定语从句中where/when/why可以用“介词+which/whom”代替。如：thisistheroomwhereIlived=ThisistheroominwhichIlived.=Thissitheroomthat/which/省略Ilivedin.6)，定语从句和同位语从句的区别：（1）定语从句可以修饰任何名词或代词，而同位语从句只能跟在抽象名词之后。常用抽象名词有：fact,feeling,idea,news,hope,belief,thought,truth,doubt,suggestion,warning,reason,question,possibility，decision，promise等。（2）定语从句是对先行词的修饰限定。而同位语从句只是对抽象名词的内容进行补充说明。如：Thisisthenewsthatheisarobber.(同位语从句)。Thisisthenewsthathetoldme.(定语从句)。7），名词性从句中whether和if的区别。（1）whether在名从中通用，无限制。（2）if只用于宾语从句中。（但当宾语从句跟在介词或discuss之后、从句中有ornot或者与todo连用，也只能用whether。）(3)whether.......or......可引导让步状语从句，if可表“如果”，引导条件状语从句。8）doubt后的从句：在肯定句中，用if/whether。否定句中用that。疑问句中用that。9）疑问词+ever：(无论........可引导名词性从句和让步状语从句)，nomatter+疑问词：（无论........，只能引导让步状语从句。）10）名词性从句中的特定句型1）主语从句：用it作形式主语的句型A,It+be+adj.//n.+主语从句Itisnatural//important//necessary//surprising//strange//funny+that引导的主语从句，从句的谓语动词可以用(should)+do//bedone的形式B,It+be+announced/believed/expected/hoped/decided/reported/said/shown+主语从句ItisrequestedthatMissWang(should)giveaspeechatthemeeting.C,It(so)+happened+主语从句IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.D,It+matters//mattered(much//little)+主语从句Itmattersmuchwhetheryouaredeterminedornotifyouwanttosucceed.E,It+doesn’t//didn’tmatter+主语从句Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherwehavemoneyornot..F,It+seems//seemed(tosb)+adj.//n.+主语从句Itseemstomequitestrangethatheshouldbesorudetohisclassmates.G,It+depends+主语从句Itdependswhetherwecandoitwithfewerworkersandlessmoney.H,Itisnowonder+that主语从句Itisnowonderthathegothighmarksintheexam.R,Itmakesno//little//great…difference+主语从句Itmadegreatdifferencewhetherhewouldcometomybirthdaypartyornot.2）宾语从句：用it作形式宾语的句型J,make//find//feel//think//consider//believe//suppose+it+adj.//n.+宾语从句Ithinkitwrongthattheyoungdon’trespecttheold.3K,主语+hate/dislike/dependon+it+宾语从句Ihateitwhenpeoplespeakwiththeirmouthfull.Ltakeitforgrantedthat.........Iwillappreciateitifyou..........Whenitcomsto...........3）表语从句：M,Itlooks/lookedasif-clauseItlooksasif//asthoughsomeonewererunningafterhernow.N,Itseems//seemedthat-clauseItseemsthatheisverydisappointed.O,Itappears//appearedasif/that-clauseItappearedthathecoulddoeverythingpossibletohelpthepoor.4)同位语从句：P,havenoidea+同位语从句Sorry,Ireallyhavenoideawhereshelives.Q,haveanidea+that引导同位语从句Ihaveanideathatshewon’tleavemewhateverhappens.R,thereisnoneed//nodoubt+that引导同位语从句Thereisnoneedthatyouworryabouthissafety,yousee,heisabigboynow.Thereisnodoubtthatheisdevotedtoyou.S,Wordcame+that引导同位语从句Wordcamethattheplaygroundinourschoolwouldbereplacedbyagym.T，thestorygoesthat.......4（一）单项选择：1.（咸阳市启迪中学2012第二次月考12）．Ialwaysdreamoflivinginaworldthereisnotrouble.A．whoB．whereC．inthatD．Which2.（咸阳市启迪中学2012第二次月考19）．Actually,girlscanbetheywanttobejustlikeboys,whetheritisapilot,asoldieroranofficial.A．whereverB．howeverC．whateverD．Whoever3.（西安中学高2012届第三次月考14）.---Areyoustillthinkingabouttoday’sfootballgame?---Oh,that’s______.A.whenIfeelexcitedB.whatmakesmefeelexcitedC.howIfeelexcitedaboutitD.whateverIfeelexcitedabout4.（西安中学高2012届第三次月考20）.Hesaidhecouldsolvetheproblem,________Ifoundimpossible.A.butB.whileC.whichD.what5.(西安音乐学院附中2012届高三月考17).Ihavereachedapointinmylife____Ishouldmakedecisionsofmyown.A.whichB.whereC.howD.Why6.(铁一中2011届高三二模16.)–Canyoutellme___________?–AnengineerfromJinanIronandSteelPlants.A.whatyourfriendisB.whoyourfriendisC.whatisyourfriendD.whoisyourfriend7.(铁一中2011届高三二模19）.–Irangyouataboutteno’clock,buttherewasnoreply.–Oh,thatwasprobably________Iwasseeingthedoctor.A.whenB.whyC.whatD.that8.(西安市五校联考2012届20).Asweallknow,everyminute____fulluseof____ourlessonswilldogoodtoourstudentsA.whichmakes;studyingB.thatismade;tostudyC.whenismade;tostudyD.thatismade;studying9.(西安市五校联考2012届25).ItwasnotuntilMumagreedtotakehertoKFC,____washerfavorite,____thespoiledgirlstoppedcrying.A.that;thatB.which;whichC.that;whichD.which;that10.（2010西工大一模17).Heis______isknownasahacker----helikestoshowoffontheInternetandattackwebsites.A.whoB.whatC.thatD.which11.（2011西工大附中第十二次训练20).Everyonehasperiodsintheirlives_______everythingseemsveryhard.A.whereB.WhenC.WhichD.that12.(铁一中2012届高三第二次模14)____hetoldusisthenews____Chi