冷作模具钢

冷作模具钢主要用于制造在冷状态（室温）条件下进行压制成形的模具，如冷冲压模具、冷拉伸模具、冷镦模具、冷挤压模具、压印模具、辊压模具等。冷作模具品种多、应用范围广，其产值占模具总产值的30%~40%。采用的钢号很多，一般采用高碳过共析钢和莱氏钢体，如碳素工具钢、低合金油淬冷作模具钢、空淬冷作模具钢、高碳高铬型冷作模具钢、高速钢、低碳高速钢和基本钢及用粉末冶金工艺生产的高合金模具材料等。常用钢号及化学成分见表1-1-1。表1-1-1常用冷作模具钢化学成分w/%钢号CSiMnCrWMoV其他油淬冷作模具钢9Mn2V0.85~0.95≤0.401.70~2.000.10~0.25CrWMn0.90~1.05≤0.400.80~1.100.90~1.201.20~1.609CrWMn0.85~0.95≤0.400.90~1.200.50~0.800.50~0.809SiCr0.85~0.951.20~1.600.30~0.600.95~1.25Cr0.95~1.10≤0.40≤0.401.30~1.70空淬冷作模具钢Cr5Mo1V0.95~1.05≤0.50≤1.004.75~5.500.90~1.400.15~0.50Cr6WV1.00~1.15≤0.40≤0.405.50~7.001.10~1.500.50~0.70Cr4W2MoV1.12~1.250.40~0.70≤0.403.50~4.001.90~2.600.80~1.200.80~1.108Cr2MnWMoVS0.75~0.85≤0.401.30~1.702.30~2.600.70~1.000.50~0.800.10~0.25S0.10高碳冷作模具钢Cr122.00~2.30≤0.40≤0.4011.50~13.00Cr12MoV1.45~1.70≤0.40≤0.4011.00~12.500.40~0.600.15~0.30Cr12Mo1V11.40~1.60≤0.600.6011.00~13.000.70~1.20≤1.10Co≤1.0钢号CSiMnCrWMoV其他基体钢和低碳高速钢6W6Mo5Cr4V0.55~0.65≤0.40≤0.603.70~4.306.00~7.004.50~5.500.70~1.106Cr4W3Mo2VNb0.60~0.70≤0.40≤0.403.80~4.402.50~3.501.80~2.500.80~1.20Nb0.20~0.357W7Cr4MoV0.60~0.70≤0.40≤0.404.50~5.006.50~7.500.20~0.500.40~0.70高韧性高耐磨性冷作模具钢7Cr7Mo2V2Si0.70~0.800.70~1.20≤0.406.50~7.502.00~3.001.70~2.20火焰淬火冷作模具钢7CrSiMnMoV0.65~0.750.85~1.150.65~1.050.90~1.200.30~0.500.15~0.30热作模具钢主要用于制造对高温状态的金属进行热成形的模具。如热锻模具、热挤压模具、压铸模具、热剪切模具等。这类钢含碳量一般为0.3%~0.5%，添加提高高温性能的钨、钼、铬、钒等合金元素，又分为锻造模块用钢、铬钼系热作模具钢、铬钨系热作模具钢、奥氏体型高温热作模具钢等。特殊要求的热作模具有时采用高温合金和难熔合金制造。常用热作模具钢化学成分见表1-1-2。表1-1-2常用热作模具钢化学成分w/%钢号CSiMnCrMoWV其他锻压模块用钢5CrNiMo0.50~0.60≤0.400.50~0.800.50~0.800.15~0.30Ni1.40~1.805CrMnMo0.50~0.600.25~0.601.20~1.600.60~0.900.15~0.305NiCrMoV0.50~0.600.10~0.400.65~0.951.00~1.200.45~0.550.07~0.12Ni1.50~1.805Cr2NiMoV0.46~0.530.60~0.900.40~0.601.50~2.000.80~1.200.30~0.50Ni0.80~1.20钢号CSiMnCrMoWV其他铬钼系热作模具钢4Cr5MoSiV0.33~0.430.80~1.200.20~0.504.75~5.501.10~1.600.30~0.604Cr5MoSiV10.32~0.450.80~1.200.20~0.504.75~5.501.10~1.750.80~1.204Cr5W2VSi0.32~0.420.80~1.20≤0.404.50~5.501.60~2.400.60~1.004Cr5MoWSiV0.30~0.400.80~1.200.20~0.504.75~5.501.25~1.751.00~1.70≤0.50铬钨系热作模3Cr2W8V0.30~0.40≤0.40≤0.402.20~2.707.50~9.000.20~0.504Cr3Mo3SiV0.35~0.450.80~1.200.25~0.703.00~3.752.00~3.000.25~0.755Cr4W5Mo2V0.40~0.50≤0.40≤0.403.40~4.41.50~2.104.50~5.300.70~1.10具钢05Cr4W2Mo2SiV0.45~0.550.80~1.10≤0.503.70~4.301.80~2.201.80~2.201.20~1.305CrMO3SiMnVAl0.47~0.570.80~1.100.80~1.103.80~4.302.80~3.400.80~1.20Al0.30~0.703Cr3Mo3W2V0.32~0.420.60~0.90≤0.652.80~3.302.50~3.001.20~1.800.80~1.20奥氏体型高温热作模具钢5Mn15Cr8Ni5Mo3V20.45~0.55≤1.0014.50~16.007.50~8.502.50~3.001.50~2.00Ni4.50~5.50塑料模具用钢近40年来，随着石油化工工业的发展，塑料已成为重要的工业原材料；因此，塑料制品成形用的模具需要量迅速增长，不少工业发达国家塑料模具的产值已经超过冷作模具的产值，在模具制造业中居首位。由于不同类型的塑料制品对模具钢的性能要求有差异，因此在不少国家已经形成包括范围很广的专用塑料模具用钢系列，包括碳素结构钢，渗碳型塑料模具钢，预硬型塑料模具钢，时效硬化型、耐蚀型、易切削型、马氏体时效型塑料模具钢以及适应低表面粗糙塑料制品模具用的镜面抛光型塑料模具用钢。常用塑料模具钢的化学成分见表1-1-3。表1-1-3常用塑料成型模具用钢化学成分w/%钢号CSiMnCrWMoV其他非合金塑料成型模具钢450.42~0.500.17~0.370.50~0.80500.47~0.550.17~0.370.50~0.80550.52~0.600.17~0.300.50~0.80T80.75~0.84≤0.35≤0.40T100.95~1.04≤0.35≤0.40T121.15~1.24≤0.35≤0.40渗碳型塑料模具钢20Cr0.17~0.240.17~0.370.50~0.800.80~1.1012CrNi20.10~0.170.17~0.370.30~0.600.60~0.90Ni1.50~2.0012CrNi30.10~0.170.17~0.370.30~0.600.60~0.90Ni2.75~3.2520Cr2Ni40.17~0.230.17~0.370.30~0.601.20~1.75Ni3.25~3.7520CrMnTi0.17~0.230.17~0.370.80~1.101.00~1.30Ti0.04~0.10预硬型塑料模具钢3Cr2Mo0.28~0.400.20~0.800.60~1.001.40~2.000.30~0.553Cr2MnNiMo0.28~0.400.20~0.401.20~1.501.40~2.000.30~0.55Ni0.85~1.155CrNiMnMoVSCa0.50~0.600.20~0.800.85~1.151.00~1.300.30~0.600.10~0.30Ni0.85~1.158Cr2MnWmoVS0.75~0.85≤0.401.30~1.702.30~2.600.50~0.800.10~0.25S0.06~0.10时效硬化型25CrNi3MoAl0.20~0.300.20~0.500.20~0.501.20~1.800.20~0.40Ni2.50~3.00Al1.00~1.6006Ni6CrMoVTiAl≤0.06≤0.60≤0.501.30~1.60Mo0.90~1.20V0.08~0.16Ni5.50~6.50TiAl1.0~0.5塑料模具钢18Ni(250)≤0.03≤0.10≤0.10Mo4.25~5.25Ni17.5~18.5Co7.00~8.00Ti0.30~0.50Al0.05~0.15钢号CSiMnCrWMoV其他耐蚀性塑料模具钢4Cr130.35~0.45≤0.60≤0.8012.00~14.009Cr180.90~1.000.50~0.90≤0.8070.00~19.00Cr14Mo0.90~1.050.30~0.60≤0.8012.00~14.001.40~1.80Cr18MoV1.17~1.250.50~0.90≤0.8017.50~19.000.50~0.800.10~0.201Cr17Ni20.11~0.17≤0.80≤0.8016.00~18.00Ni1.50~2.50整体淬硬型塑料模具钢9Mn2V0.85~0.95≤0.401.70~2.000.15~0.25CrWMn0.90~1.05≤0.400.80~1.100.90~1.201.20~1.609CrWMn0.85~0.95V0.400.90~1.200.50~0.800.50~0.80Cr12MoV1.45~1.70≤0.40≤0.4011.00~12.500.40~0.600.15~0.304Cr5MoSiV10.32~0.450.80~1.200.20~0.504.75~5.501.10~1.750.80~1.20常用冲压材料简介：选择冲压用材料时，首先应满足冲压件的使用要求。一般来说，对于机器上的主要冲压件，要求材料具有较高的强度和刚度；电机电器上的某些冲压件，要求有较高的导电性和导磁性；汽车、飞机上的冲压件，要求有足够的强度，并尽可能减轻质量；化工容器要求耐腐蚀等。同时，还应满足冲压工艺对材料的要求，以保证冲压过程顺利完成。即：应具有良好的塑性和表面质量，以及板料厚度公差应符合标准规定等。冷冲压用钢大多为板材，它与易切削钢一样，都是着重要求工艺性能的钢类。由于冲压工艺使材料利用率高，工艺流程简便，便于组织流水作业，能冲制出形状复杂﹑互换性好的零件。冲压生产中常用的材料有金属板料和非金属板料。金属板料又分黑色金属板料和有色金属板料两种。料名称牌号材料状态抗剪强度t/MPa抗拉强度σb/MPa伸长率δ10（%）屈服强度σs/MPa特性及用图普通碳素钢Q215未退火270～340340～42026～31220常用于制造拉杆﹑螺栓﹑心轴﹑垫圈﹑吊钩﹑套圈等要求不高的结构件，还常用于制作摩擦离合器﹑链环片﹑刹车钢带等。Q235310～380380～47021～25240Q275400～500500～62015～19280牌号抗剪强度tt/MPa抗拉强度σb/MPa伸长率δ10（%）屈服强度σs/MPa08260～360330～4503220005F210～300260～38032——10260～340300～4402921020280～400360～51025250牌号抗剪强度t/MPa抗拉强度σb/MPa伸长率δ10/（%）屈服强度σs/MPa25CrMnSi﹑25CrMnSi(A)400～560500～70018——30CrMnSiA440～600550～75016——牌号抗剪强度t//MPa抗拉强度σ