【实用知识】地震安全手册(中英文对照)Thisbookletisdesignedtohelpyouandyourfamilyplanforandsurviveamajorearthquake.Bytakingactiontobeprepared,youcanlessentheimpactofanearthquakeonyourfamily.Setasidesomeemergencysupplies,andteachyourfamilywhattodoathomeduringandafteradisaster.Youcouldbewithouthelpforupto72hours,solearntocopeforatleastthatlong.Movementofthegroundisseldomtheactualcauseofdeathorinjury.Mostcasualtiesresultfrompartialbuildingcollapseandfallingobjectsanddebris,liketopplingchimneys,fallingbricks,ceilingplaster,andlightfixtures.Manyoftheseconditionsareeasilypreventable.Becauseearthquakesoccurwithoutwarning,it’simportanttotakestepsnowtoprepare,sothatyouknowwhatyoucandoandhowtorespond—constructive,protectiveactionispossible.这本小册子旨在帮助你和家人学会未雨绸缪,以便在大地震时逃生。事先进行准备,可以减少地震带来的冲击。做一些适当的应急储备,并告诉你的家人在灾难中和灾难之后该做些什么。当灾难发生时,你很可能在72小时之内得不到任何救助。因此,至少要学会如何撑过72个小时。地震中地面的移动一般不会直接造成伤亡。大多数伤亡是由建筑物的坍塌以及物体和建筑物残骸坠落造成。比如,倒塌的烟囱、落下的砖头、天花板上的泥块以及灯具等。而多数情况都是易于避免的。地震发生前是没有征兆的,因此,从现在就开始进行准备相当重要。这样一来,你才会知道灾难发生时该做什么,该如何应对,如何进行有意义的自我保护。HaveonHandforAnyEmergency–IdeasforHome,Workplace,andCar为突发状况准备趁手的的应急物品:家里、办公地点、汽车上如何应急Becauseyoudon’tknowwhereyouwillbewhenanearthquakeoccurs,prepareaDisasterSuppliesKitforyourhome,workplace,andcar.因为你不知道地震发生的时候自己会在哪儿,所以,在家里、办公地点以及汽车上,都准备一套抗灾装备吧。【水】·Water.Storeatleast1gallonofwaterperpersonperdayandbepreparedfora72-hourperiod.Anormallyactivepersonneedsatleast?gallonofwaterdailyjustfordrinking.Indeterminingadequatequantities,takethefollowingintoaccount:每人每天至少需储备1加仑(3.8升)的水,并按此标准一次备够72小时之用。一般情况下,一个活跃的正常人,光饮用,每天就需要消耗1/2加仑(1.9升)的水。为了保证足够的量,应考虑以下因素:·Individualneedsvarydependingonage,physicalcondition,activity,diet,andclimate.·Children,nursingmothers,andillpeopleneedmorewater.·Veryhottemperaturescandoubletheamountofwaterneeded.·Amedicalemergencymightrequiremorewater.*个体需求量因年龄、体质、活动量、饮食、气候等而有差异。*儿童、哺乳期妇女、病人需水量更大。*高温天气会使需水量成倍增加。*医疗紧急情况会需要更多的水。Itisrecommendedthatyoubuycommerciallybottledwater.Keepbottledwaterinitsoriginalcontaineranddonotopenituntilyouneedtouseit.Also,payattentiontotheexpirationorusebydate.建议你购买一些瓶装水。不要拆开瓶装水的原包装,在必须使用之前不要打开。另外,要注意保质期或者最晚饮用日期。Ifyouchoosetoprepareyourowncontainersofwater,youshouldbuyair-tight,food-gradewaterstoragecontainersfromsurplusorcampingsupplystores.Beforefillingthecontainers,cleanthemwithdishwashingsoapandwater,andrinsethemcompletelysothatthereisnoresidualsoap.Waterstoredinyourowncontainersshouldbereplacedaboutevery6months.Inadditiontowater,havepurificationtabletssuchasHalazoneandGlobaline,butbesuretoreadthelabelonthebottlebeforeusingthetablets.如果你准备用自己的容器装水,你应该从军用品或者野营用品专门店购买那种不漏气的、专门储存食品的盛水容器。在装水之前,要用餐具专用洗涤剂和水清洗容器,并用水冲净,以免洗涤剂残留。容器内的水必须每6个月更换一次。除了水之外,还需要一些净化用的药片,比如哈拉宗(Halazone)、高碘甘氨酸(Globaline),但在使用这些药片之前,一定要先看看瓶子上的标签。(译者:请向专业人士或医护人员资讯上述药品的使用!)【食品】·Food.It’salwaysapracticalideatokeepasupplyofnon-perishablefoodonhandthatcanberotatedintoyourdietandreplenishedonaregularbasis.Haveasufficientsupplyofcannedordehydratedfood,powderedmilk,andcannedjuicesforatleast72hours.Driedcerealsandfruitsandnon-saltednutsaregoodsourcesofnutrition.Keepthefollowingpointsinmind:作为一个很实用的主意,应经常准备一些不易腐坏的食品以便随时食用。并可将其加入日常的饮食之中,并定期补充储备。准备足够72小时之用的听装食品或脱水食品、奶粉,以及听装果汁。干麦片、水果和无盐干果是很好的营养源。请注意以下几点:·Avoidfoodsthatwillmakeyouthirsty.Choosesalt-freecrackers,wholegraincereals,andcannedgoodswithhighliquidcontent.·Stockfoodsthatdonotrequirerefrigeration,cooking,water,orspecialpreparation.Youmayalreadyhavemanyoftheseonhand.·Remembertoincludefoodsforinfantsandspecialdietaryneeds.*不要选择那些让你容易口渴的食品。选择无盐饼干、全麦麦片和富含流质的罐装食品。*只储备无需冷藏、烹饪或特殊处理的食品。类似食品可供选择的有很多。*别忘了食品中应包括婴儿和特殊饮食需要者的食品。你还应该准备一些厨房用具和炊具,尤其是手动开罐器。Youshouldalsohavekitchenaccessoriesandcookingutensils,especiallyamanualcanopener.【应急灯和备用电池】·Flashlightsandsparebatteries.Keepaflashlightbesideyourbed,atyourplaceofwork,andinyourcar.Donotusematchesorcandlesafteranearthquakeuntilyouarecertainthatnogasleaksexist.在你的床边、工作地点以及车里放一盏应急灯。不要在地震后使用火柴或蜡烛,除非你能确定没有瓦斯泄漏。【便携式电池供电收音机或电视机以及备用电池】·Portable,battery-poweredradioortelevisionandsparebatteries.Mosttelephoneswillbeoutoforderorusedforemergencypurposes,soradioswillbeyourbestsourceofinformation.Youmayalsowanttohaveabattery-poweredCBorothertwo-wayradio.大多数电话将会无法使用或只能供紧急用途,所以收音机将会是你最好的信息来源。如有可能,你还应当准备电池供电的收发报机和无线对讲机。急救箱和急救手册】·Firstaidkitandmanual.Keepafirstaidkitathomeandinyourcar.Also,haveamanualsuchasStandardFirstAid&PersonalSafetybytheAmericanRedCross.HavemembersofyourhouseholdtakebasicfirstaidandCPRcourses.在家里和车里准备一个急救箱。同时,备一本由美国红十字会制作的《标准急救和个人安全手册》。让你的家人学习一些基本的急救和人工呼吸课程。【灭火器】·Fireextinguishers.Keepafireextinguisherathomeandinyourcar.Someextinguishersaregoodonlyforcertaintypesoffires—electrical,grease,orgas.ClassABCextinguishersaredesignedforsafeuseonanytypeoffire.Yourfiredepartmentcanshowyouhowtouseanextinguisherproperly.在你的家里和车里都要配备灭火器。一些灭火器仅适用于特定的火源——电引发的火灾,油脂引发的火灾,或者煤气引发的火灾等等。ABC(多用途干粉)灭火器可安全使用于任何种类的火源。当地消防部门可以教你如何正确地使用灭火器。【特殊用品】·Specialneeds.Keepasupplyofspecialneedsitems,suchasmedications,extraeyeglasses,contactlenssolutions,hearingaidbatteries,itemsforinfants(formula,diapers,bottles,andpacifiers),sanitationandhygieneitems(moisttowelettesandto