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初三完形填空解题技巧和练习【名师解难】一、完形填空题的命题特点完形填空题是通过阅读考查学生语言知识及语言知识综合运用能力的一种测试形式。命题人在一段难度适度的文章中留出10个空白，要求考生从所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使补足的短文意思通顺、结构完整。完形填空是介于单项填空和阅读理解之间的一种题型。可以说它是根据一篇文章所提供的情景进行的选择填空，也可以说它是在缺少个别单词情况下的阅读理解。完形填空既有对语法规则、习惯用法和词语搭配的考查，又有对文章内容的通篇理解。完形填空主要考查以下三个方面的内容：1、词汇：此类题目考查的内容是：近义词的区别，词语的固定搭配和习惯用法。近几年陕西省中考题中的完型填空题考查的词汇类别涉及到名词、代词、动词、介词、连词、形容词、副词和短语动词。2、语法：此类题目考查的是：各种语法规则在文章中的运用。其中包括名词的单复数，形容词、副词的比较等级，动词的时态和语态，介词、数词、代词和连词的用法，主谓一致，各种从句的用法等。3、结构：此类题目考查的是：文章中间句子与句子之间，段落与段落之间，上文与下文之间的逻辑关系。从设空的类型看可分为三个层次：1、句子层次2、句组层次3、全篇层次设空的难度，从句子层次到句组层次，再到全篇层次，依次增加。二、完形填空的解题技巧前面我们已经分析过，完形填空是在全面理解短文基础上的选择填空。因此做“完型填空”题应遵循下列步骤：1、通读全文，了解大意做这类题目是，首先应该把文章通读一遍，了解一下文章的大概内容。千万不要读一句填一句，因为“完形填空”题里所给的大多数选项填入单句后都可成立，但从全文看又不可取。有些同学一拿到“完形填空”题，就着手去填，填到最后，才发现所选答案语全文的意思不符，不得不在从头开始。费时又费力，还不易做准确，这种方法是不可取的。2、瞻前顾后，逐步填空了解文章大意之后，就可逐步填空。一般来说，文章后面所给的选择答案可分三类：一类是语法正确，而意思不对；另一类是意思正确，而语法错误；第三类是语法正确，意思也正确。在选择答案时，一定要考虑到上下文的意思，还要考虑到句子的结构，习惯用法，固定搭配和词类的功能，尽量使选出的答案及复合语法又符合原文的意思。3、认真复查，适当调整填空全部做完以后，应把短文从头到尾再读一遍，检查一下填空以后的文章是否连贯，情节是否合理，语法结构是否正确。一般来说，如果意思连贯，情节合理，语法结构正确，就意味着选答没有问题；如果发现个别填空使文章文理不通，语法结构有问题，就说明选答不正确。对这样的填空应该认真推敲，进行调整。【中考范例】AOnceuponatime,somechildrenwereplayingatseasidewhentheyfoundaturtle(海龟).Theybegantobeattheturtle.Justatthattime,ayoungmancameandsaidtothem,“Stop!”Thechildrenran31quickly.Theturtlewasverythankfulandsaid,“Thanksforyourkindness.Ireallywouldlike32youtoawonderfulpalacenow.”Theyoungmanrodeonthebackoftheturtleandwastakentothesecretpalaceinthesea.Whenhe33thepalace,hewasverysurprisedandsaidtotheturtle,“Whatanicepalace!”Tothankhim,thekingoftheturtlesgavehim34.Hehadneverseensuchadinnerbefore.Hereceivedawarmwelcomethereandwasvery35everything.Afterdinner,thekingoftheturtlessaid,“Iamgoingtogiveyoutwoboxes,36youcanopenonlyone.”“Youmustn’topenboth.Don’tforgetit!”theturtlewarned（警告）him.“Allright.Iwillopenonlyone,”theyoungmanpromised(许诺).Atthistime,alargewavesenthimoutofthesea.Afterhe37,heopenedthebiggeroneofthetwoboxes.38theboxwasfullofgold.“MyGod!”hecried.“I’m39now.”Thenhethought,“Thingsintheotherboxmustbeexpensive,too.”Hecouldnotwaitanylonger.Hebrokehispromiseandopenedtheotherbox.Assoonasheopenedit,hebecameanoldman.Hishairturnedwhite.Hisfaceanoldmanovereightyyearsold.Itall31.A.throughB.awayC.intoD.out32.A.wantingB.askingC.toletD.toinvite33.A.leftforB.arrivedonC.arrivedatD.gotaway34.A.averybigdinnerB.averypoordinnerC.averybaddinnerD.averysmalldinner35.A.pleasedwithB.strictinC.angrywithD.sorryfor36.A.soB.orC.butD.as37.A.wentbacktohomeB.wasbackhomeC.wentbacktotheseaD.wasbackthesea38.A.TohissurprisingB.Toone’ssurprisingC.Toone’ssurpriseD.Tohissurprise39.A.apoormanB.arichmanC.anoldmanD.ayoungman40.A.likedB.feltlikeC.lookedlikeD.lookedBAhotdogisoneofthemostpopularAmericanfoods.Itwasnamedafterfrankfurter,aGermanfood.Youmayhear“hotdog”1inotherways.Peoplesometimessay“hotdog”toexpress2.Forexample,afriendmayask3youwouldliketogotothecinema.Youmightsay“Great!Iwouldlovetogo.”Or,youcouldsay,“4!Iwouldlovetogo.”People5usetheexpressiontodescribe(描写)someonewhoisa“show-off”,whotriestoshoweveryoneelsehow6heis.Youoftenhearsuch7calleda“hotdog”.Hemaybeabaseballplayer,forexample,who8theballwithonehand,makinga(n)9catchseemmoredifficult.Youknowheisahotdogbecausewhenhemakessuchacatch,hebows(鞠躬)tothecrowd,hopingtowintheir10.1.A.eatenB.usedC.cookedD.picked2.A.strengthB.practiceC.pleasureD.reply3.A.ifB.howC.whenD.where4.A.HotdogB.Don’tworryC.NevermindD.Excuseme5.A.everB.alsoC.stillD.yet6.A.hopefulB.carefulC.kindD.great7.A.adogB.alandC.apersonD.anaction8.A.catchesB.playsC.passesD.throws9.A.hardB.funnyC.excitingD.easy10.A.thanksB.cheersC.medalsD.matches完形填空练习（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）AJuanGomezwakesupatsixo'clockeverymorning.Hegetsup,takesa21,getsdressed,andeatsbreakfast.Afterbreakfasthe22thenewspaperuntil7:15,thenheleavesforwork.Hegetsonthebusatthebusstop,ridesittoUniversityAvenue,23,andwalkstohisoffice.Heworks24fiveo'clock.Heusuallygoesandplaysbasketballwithfriendsafterwork.Thenhegoeshome.Juan25averyboringlife.21.A.lessonB.breathC.showerD.break22.A.readsB.writesC.rollsD.stamps23.A.getsonB.getsoffC.getsawayD.getsup24.A.atB.beforeC.fromD.until25.A.leadsB.enjoysC.hatesD.createsBPaulreceivedanexpensivecarfromhisbrotherasaChristmaspresent．OnChristmasEvePaulsawadirtyandpoorly-dressedboywalking26hisshiningcar．“Isthisyourcar，Paul？”heasked．Paultoldhimhowhegotthecarandtheboywas27．“Youmeanyourbrothergaveittoyouanditdidn’tcostyouanything？Boy，Iwish…”hesaid,without28hissentence．Paulthoughttheboywishedhehada29likethat.ButwhattheboysaidsurprisedPaulgreatly.“Iwish,”theboywenton，“thatIcouldbeabrotherlikethat．”Paullookedattheboyinsurprise.Heinvitedhimtotakea30inhiscarandtheboyagreedhappily.Afterashortride，theboyturnedandwithhiseyes31，said，“Paul，wouldyouminddrivinginfrontofmyhouse？”Paulsmiledalittle．Hethoughttheboywantedto32hisneighborsthathecouldridehomeinabigcar.ButPaulwaswrong33.Theboyranbackintohishouse,andafterashortwhilecamebackwithhisdisabledbrotherinhisarms.He34himwalkdownstairsandpointedtothecar.“Theresheis,Buddy,justlikewhatItoldyouupstairs.HisbrothergaveittohimforChristmasanditdidn’t35himacent.Som