【高考复习】英语书面表达基础五大句型结构

书面表达基础五大句型结构讲与练•一、主系表结构句型(1)主语+be+表语(名词/代词)•【用法】在本句型中，名词或代词作表语，名词或代词可带附加成分。要注意主谓一致和时态问题。•I’macollegestudent.•Itmustbeagrammarmistake.【练习】•人类居住的唯一家园是地球。•失败为成功之母。•所有这些词典都对我帮助很大。•门口那辆摩托车不是我的。•倘若我是你，我就采纳他的建议。Theonlyhomeformantoliveonistheearth.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.Allthesedictionariesareagreathelptome.Themotorcycleatthegateisnotmine.IfIwereyou,Ifollowtakehisadvice.句型(2)主语+be+形容词+(介词短语)【用法】在本句型中，形容词作表语。用于本句型的形容词有：一般形容词，如fine,busy,absent,rich,angry,different等；多数形容词后有固定的介词搭配。表语形容词，如ready,sure,certain,sorry,present,content,fond,alive,awake,asleep,alike,alone,afraid,ashamed,aware等。跟of介词短语的形容词，如forgetful,doubtful,proud,full,free,short,careful,capable跟of介词短语，用来描述人的品行或特点的形容词，如good,clever,kind,nice,foolish,silly,cruel,impolite,careless,stupid,right,unwise,wise,rude,wrong,naughty等。berichin,bebusywith,beresponsiblefor,beangrywith,bedifferentfrom,befondof•【练习】•中国自然资源丰富。•王先生正忙于备课。•他对他儿子学习上的进步感到自豪。•他们缺少时间和钱。•你真糊涂，竟然相信他说的话。•他总是乐于助人。Chinaisrichinnaturalresources.Heisveryproudofhisson’sprogressinstudy.Theyareshortoftimeandmoney.It’sveryfoolishofyoutobelievewhathesaid.Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.Mr.Wangisbusypreparingforhislessons.【句型】(3)主语+be+现在分词【用法】在本句型中，现在分词作表语，大部分这类词已被看作形容词，它们用来修饰说明表示物的主语。用于本句型的现在分词有：amusing(有趣的),boring(令人厌烦的),disappointing(令人失望的),charming(迷人的),inviting(引人注目的,吸引人的),confusing(混淆的),exciting(令人兴奋的),embarrassing(令人为难的),discouraging(令人气馁的),disturbing(烦扰的),fascinating(迷人的),interesting,surprising(惊人的),missing,promising(有前途的),puzzling(令人迷惑的),shocking(骇人听闻的),striking(引人注目的),pleasing(令人高兴的),touching(动人的)，worrying(令人担心的)等。Thispoemisverymoving.Hisspeechwasveryboring.1.他的话使人相当泄气.2.这部电影的结局是令人失望的.3.我放在桌上的英语书不见了.4.不断增长的死亡人数是骇人听闻的.Whathesaidwasdiscouraging.Theendofthefilmisdisappointing.TheEnglishbookIputonthedeskismissing.Theincreasingnumberofthedeathisshocking.【句型】(4)主语+be+过去分词+(介词短语)【用法】在本句型中，过去分词作表语，且常常带介词短语，介词一般固定，不可随便选用。用于本句型的过去分词有：beworriedabout,bedisappointedat,bepreparedfor,bebasedon,belostin,bedevotedto,beequippedwith,beabsorbedin,belocatedin…Heislostinthought.Theroomisequippedwithair-conditioners.Theyareworriedabouttheirson.1.我们要为下一次考试做准备.2.我对他频频迟到很失望.3.收到你的来信,我很高兴.4.我们的教学楼座落在花园的前方.Wemustbepreparedforthenextexam.Iamdisappointedathisbeinglateagainandagain.Iwasdelightedtohearfromyou.Ourteachingbuildingislocatedinfrontofthegarden.【句型】主语+be+形容词+that从句]【用法】在本句型中形容词作表语。连词that引导的从句在下列形容词后作宾语：sure,aware,careful,certain,determined等。that引导的从句在下列形容词后作状语：sorry,happy,glad,proud,satisfied,disappointed,pleased等。We’llquitesurethathewillsucceed.I’mverygladthatyouwereabletocome.1.我恐怕有着不一样的观点.2.他很高兴得到了上大学的机会.3.我肯定这会对我们的自然环境造成影响.4.如此多的动物濒临灭绝,我感到很难过.IamafraidthatIhaveadifferentopinion.Hewasgladthathegottheopportunitytogotouniversity.Iamsurethatitwillhaveaneffectonournaturalenvironment.Ifeelsadthatsomanyanimalsareendangered.【句型主语+特殊连系动词+表语【用法】常见的“特殊连系动词”可分为三类：表示“变成某种状态”意义的系动词：become,come,fall,get,go,grow,make,prove,run,shine,turn,turnout,wear,work.表示“保持某种状态”意义的系动词：continue,die,go,hold,keep,lie,live,remain,rest,return,sit,stand,stay表示“自己感觉或令人感觉”意义的系动词：appear,feel,look,seem,smell,sound,taste。Heridealhascometrue．Whydoyoukeepsilent?你的手摸起来很凉。Yourhandfeelscold.所有的树叶都变黄了。Alltheleaveshaveturnedyellow..他们在讨论中全都保持沉默。Theyallremainedsilentinthediscussion.•二、主谓结构•【句型】(1)There+be+主语+状语•【用法】在本句型中there仅起引导作用,本身无词义。谓语在前,主语在后,形成主谓倒装。动词be表示“有”或“存在”。谓语动词应与其紧邻的主语保持一致。be有时态的变化,也可加入情态动词。否定式是将not加在be动词或助动词之后,作主语的名词前常常带有a/an/any。也可在主语前加no(no=nota/an.any)。have和there+be的区别：从结构上来讲,have前须有主语,而there+be结构的主语在谓语be之后。从意义上来讲,二者都可译为“有”,但have表示“所有”,“占有”关系,译成汉语为“某人(物)拥有某(人)物”。而there+be结构表示“存在”关系,译为“某地(某时)有某物(某人)”。•Thereisgoingtobeafootballmatchtonight.(将来时)Thereweremanychildrenintheparkyesterday.(过去时)Therehasn‘tbeenanyrainforsomedays.(完成时)•Theremustbenomoretimeleft.(情态动词)•Thereusedtobeacinemaherebeforethewar.(情态动词)•XiaoLihasanEnglish-ChineseDictionary•ThereisanEnglish-ChineseDictionaryonthedesk.【练习】桌上有盏灯，一本字典和几本笔记。Thereisalamp,adictionaryandsomenotebooksonthetable.花园里有许多苹果树。Therearemanyappletreesinthegarden.我的小车一定是出什么毛病了。Theremustbesomethingwringwithmycar.这里战前曾有一座电影院。Thereusedtobeacinemaherebeforethewar.今年有个好收成。Therewillbeagoodharvestthisyear.近十天一直没有雨。Therehasn’tbeenanyrainfortendays.这一对夫妇之间可能发生过争吵。Theremighthavebeenaquarrelbetweenthecouple.在上下班的拥挤时刻，应该有更多的公共汽车。Thereoughttobesomemorebusesduringtherushhour.【句型】(2)There+动词+主语+状语【用法】在there+be结构中,谓语动词有时不用be而用：动词短语：seemtobe(似乎),happentobe(碰巧有/碰巧是),belikelytobe(可能有/可能是),appeartobe(似乎/看起来)usedtobe(曾经有)；不及物动词：live(生活有/住着),stand(伫立/站着),come,exist(存在),rise(升起),lie(位于/有),occur(发生/有),fly(飞),remain(仍/还有/保持)，stand(站/屹立),hang(挂着),rise(升起),run(流淌/行驶),occur(发生/出现)等。eg:Therehappenedtobeabadfloodthatyear.Thereoncelivedapoorfarmerwhohadfoursons.Oneeveningthereflewoverthecityalittleswallow.Thereremainedjusttwenty-eightpounds.双方之间发生了一些误会。Thereoccurredsomemisunderstandingbetweenbothsides.从前中国有一个国王。OnceuponatimetherelivedakinginChina.似乎有个错误。Thereappearstobeamistake.一个陌生人出现在小镇上。Thereappearedastrangerinthesmalltown.离湖不远有一座由人工堆起来的小山。Therestandsaman-madehillnearthelake.火灾之后他的房子片瓦不留。Thereremainednothing