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毕业论文题目数控技术专业数控加工与维护工程班级大专数控（一）班学生小学生指导教师李老师西安工业大学函授部1摘要简要介绍了当今世界数控技术及装备发展的趋势及我国数控装备技术发展和产业化的现状，在此基础上讨论了在我国加入WTO和对外开放进一步深化的新环境下，发展我国数控技术及装备、提高我国制造业信息化水平和国际竞争能力的重要性，并从战略和策略两个层面提出了发展我国数控技术及装备的几点看法。装备工业的技术水平和现代化程度决定着整个国民经济的水平和现代化程度，数控技术及装备是发展新兴高新技术产业和尖端工业（如信息技术及其产业、生物技术及其产业、航空、航天等国防工业产业）的使能技术和最基本的装备。马克思曾经说过“各种经济时代的区别，不在于生产什么，而在于怎样生产，用什么劳动资料生产”。制造技术和装备就是人类生产活动的最基本的生产资料，而数控技术又是当今先进制造技术和装备最核心的技术。当今世界各国制造业广泛采用数控技术，以提高制造能力和水平，提高对动态多变市场的适应能力和竞争能力。此外世界上各工业发达国家还将数控技术及数控装备列为国家的战略物资，不仅采取重大措施来发展自己的数控技术及其产业，而且在“高精尖”数控关键技术和装备方面对我国实行封锁和限制政策。总之，大力发展以数控技术为核心的先进制造技术已成为世界各发达国家加速经济发展、提高综合国力和国家地位的重要途径。数控技术是用数字信息对机械运动和工作过程进行控制的技术，数控装备是以数控技术为代表的新技术对传统制造产业和新兴制造业的渗透形成的机电一体化产品，即所谓的数字化装备，其技术范围覆盖很多领域：(1)机械制造技术；(2)信息处理、加工、传输技术；(3)自动控制技术；(4)伺服驱动技术；(5)传感器技术；(6)软件技术等。关键词:数控编程故障分析，螺纹2目录第一章概述1.1数控机床的发展史························································································31.2数控机床的介绍···························································································5第二章数控机床的分类2.1按加工工艺方法分类·····················································································52.1.1金属切削类数控机床···················································································52.1.2特种加工类数控机床···················································································52.1.3板材加工数控机床······················································································52.2按控制控制运动轨迹分类···············································································62.2.1点位控制数控机床······················································································62.2.2直线控制数控机床······················································································62.2.3轮廓控制数控机床······················································································62.3按驱动装置的特点分类··················································································72.3.1开环控制数控机床······················································································72.3.2闭环控制数控机床······················································································72.3.3半闭环控制数控机床···················································································72.3.4混合控制数控机床······················································································7第三章数控加工3.1车削三角螺纹工件的参数和工艺要求······························································83.2车刀的选择、刃磨和安装·············································································93.3编写程序的方法要······················································································103.4检测螺纹参数····························································································113.5综合检测··································································································12第四章典型轴类零件的加工4.1FUNAC数控车编程····················································································12.4.2华中数控车床编程······················································································13第五章数控车削加工中妙用G00及保证尺寸精度的技巧5.1程序首句妙用G00的技巧············································································145.2控制尺寸精度的技巧···················································································15第六章数控机床故障排除方法及其注意事项6.1故障排除方法····························································································156.2维修中应注意的事项···················································································16第七章数控机床的改革7.1改革的必要性····························································································177.2改革的思路·······························································································1837.3建设特色课程····························································································187.4总结········································································································19结束语致谢词参考文献4第一章概述1.1我国数控系统的发展史1.1.我国从1958年起，由一批科研院所，高等学校和少数机床厂起步进行数控系统的研制和开发。由于受到当时国产电子元器件水平低，部门经济等的制约，未能取得较大的发展。2.在改革开放后，我国数控技术才逐步取得实质性的发展。经过“六五(81----85年)的引进国外技术，“七五”(86------90年)的消化吸收和“八五”(91~一-95年)国家组织的科技攻关，才使得我国的数控技术有了质的飞跃，当时通过国家攻关验收和鉴定的产品包括北京珠峰公司的中华I型，华中数控公司的华中I型和沈阳高档数控国家工程研究中心的蓝天I型，以及其他通过“国家机床质量监督测试中心”测试合格的国产数控系统如南京四开公司的产品。3.我国数控机床制造业在80年代曾有过高速发展的阶段，许多机床厂从传统产品实现向数控化产品的转型。但总的来说，技术水平不高，质量不佳，所以在90年代初期面临国家经济由计划性经济向市场经济转移调整，经历了几年最困难的萧条时期，那时生产能力降到50%，库存超过4个月。从1995年“九五”以后国家从扩大内需启动机床市场，加强限制进口数控设备的审批，投资重点支持关键数控系统、设备、技术攻关，对数控设备生产起到了很大的促进作用，尤其是在1999年以后，国家向国防工业及关键民用工业部门投入大量技改资金，使数控设备制造市场一派繁荣。2003年开始，中国就成了全球最大的机床消费国，也是世界上最大的数控机床进口国。目前正在提高机械加工设备的数控化率，1999年，我们国家机械加工设备数控华率是5－8％，目前预计是15－20％之间。控技术和数控装备是制造工业现代化的重要基础。这个基础是否牢固直接影响到一个国家的经济发展和综合国力，关系到一个国家的战略地位。因此，世界上各工业发达国家均采取重大措施来发展自己的数控技术及其产业。在我国，数控技术与装备的发展亦得到了高度重视，近年来取得了相当大的进步。特别是在通用微机数控领域，以PC平台为基础的国产数控系统，已经走在了世界前列。但是，我国在数控技术研究和产业发展方面亦存在不少问题，特别是在技术创新能力、商品化进程、市场占有率等方面情况尤为突出。在新世纪到来时，如何有效解决这些问题，使我国数控领域沿着可持续发展的道路，从整体上全面迈入世界先进行列，使我们在国际竞争中有举足轻重的地位，将是数控研究开发部门和生产厂家所面临的重要任务。为完成此任务，首先必须确立符合中国国情的发展道路。为此，本文从总体战略和技术路线两个层次及数控系统、功能部件、数控整机等几个具体方面探讨了新世纪的发展途径。总体战略制定符合中国国情的总体发展战略，对21世纪我国数控技术与产业的发展至关重要。通过对数控技术和产业发展趋势的分析和对我国数控领域存在问题的研究，我们