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浙江外国语学院英文学院《英语语言学概论》复习题集1《英语语言学概论》课程复习题集(1-6章)2012-5-16更新ChapterIIntroduction2012I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEorFALSE:1.Linguisticsisthescientificstudyoflanguage.2.CompetenceandperformanceisdistinguishedbySaussure.3.Asynchroniclinguisticsisthestudyofalanguagethroughthecourseofitshistory.4.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.5.Linguisticsstudiesparticularlanguage,notlanguagesingeneral.6.Ascientificstudyoflanguageisbasedonwhatthelinguistthinks.7.Inthestudyoflinguistics,hypothesesformedshouldbebasedonlanguagefactsandcheckedagainsttheobservedfacts.8.Generallinguisticsisgenerallythestudyoflanguageasawhole.9.Generallinguistics,whichrelatesitselftotheresearchofotherareas,studiesthebasicconcepts,theories,descriptions,modelsandmethodsapplicableinanylinguisticstudy.10.Phoneticsisdifferentfromphonologyinthatthelatterstudiesthecombinationsofthesoundstoconveymeaningincommunication.11.Morphologystudieshowwordscanbeformedtoproducemeaningfulsentences.12.Thestudyofthewaysinwhichmorphemescanbecombinedtoformwordsiscalledmorphology.13.Syntaxisdifferentfrommorphologyinthattheformernotonlystudiesthemorphemes,butalsothecombinationofmorphemesintowordsandwordsintosentences.14.Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageisknownassemantics.15.Bothsemanticsandpragmaticsstudymeanings.16.Pragmaticsisdifferentfromsemanticsinthatpragmaticsstudiesmeaningnotinisolation,butincontext.17.Socialchangescanoftenbringaboutlanguagechanges.18.Sociolinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosociety.19.Thearbitrarynatureoflanguagemakesitpossibleforlanguagetohaveanunlimitedsourceofexpressions.浙江外国语学院英文学院《英语语言学概论》复习题集220.Synchroniclinguisticisthestudyofalanguagethroughthecourseofitshistory.21.Modernlinguisticsismostlyprescriptive,butsometimesdescriptive.22.Modernlinguisticsisdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar.23.Adiachronicstudyoflanguageisthedescriptionoflanguageatsomepointintime.24.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageasprimary,notthewrittenlanguage.25.ThedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformancewasproposedbyF.deSaussure.26.Featuresthatcontrastwordsinmeaningarecalleddesignfeaturesaresaidtobeincomplementarydistribution.27.Linguisticsymbolsarearbitrary.28.ByarbitrarinessSaussuremeansthattheformsoflinguisticsignsbearsomenaturalrelationshiptotheirmeaning.II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:1.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobed_______.2.Chomskydefines“competence”astheidealuser’sk__________oftherulesofhislanguage.3.Languereferstothea__________linguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunitywhiletheparoleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandapplicationoftherules.43.D_________isoneofthedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguagewhichreferstothephenomenonthatlanguageconsistsoftwolevels:alowerlevelofmeaninglessindividualsoundsandahigherlevelofmeaningfulunits.5.Languageisasystemofa_________vocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.6.Sisthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosociety.7.Thedisciplinethatstudiestherulesgoverningtheformationofwordsintopermissiblesentencesinlanguagesiscalleds________.浙江外国语学院英文学院《英语语言学概论》复习题集38.Humancapacityforlanguagehasag____basis,butthedetailsoflanguagehavetobetaughtandlearned.9.P____referstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.10.Findingsinlinguisticstudiescanoftenbeappliedtothesettlementofsomepracticalproblems.Thestudyofsuchapplicationsisgenerallyknownasa________linguistics.11.Languageisp___________inthatitmakespossibletheconstructionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.Inotherwords,theycanproduceandunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberofsentenceswhichtheyhaveneverheardbe1212.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthes____studyoflanguage.13.Tohelpdefineandmaintaininterpersonalrelationsisthesfunctionoflanguage.III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.1.Thedescriptionofalanguageinafixedinstantisa_______study.A.synchronicB.diachronicC.prescriptiveD.systematic2.Theapplicationoflinguisticsprinciplesandtheoriestolanguageteachingandlearningiscalled_____.A.sociolinguisticsB.PsycholinguisticsC.computationallinguisticsD.AppliedLinguistics3.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe______________.A.prescriptiveB.analyticC.descriptiveD.linguistic4.Whichofthefollowingisnotadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?A.ArbitrarinessB.DisplacementC.DualityD.Meaningfulness5.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageas____________.A.primaryB.correctC.secondaryD.stable6.Inmodernlinguistics,speechisregardedasmorebasicthanwriting,because___________.A.inlinguisticevolution,speechispriortowriting浙江外国语学院英文学院《英语语言学概论》复习题集4B.speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamountofinformationconveyed.C.speechisalwaysthewayinwhicheverynativespeakeracquireshismothertongueD.Alloftheabove7.Manymodernlinguistshavecriticizedtraditionalgrammariansforadoptinga_____approachtolanguagestudy.A.synchronicB.diachronicC.prescriptiveD.descriptive8.Ahistoricalstudyoflanguageisa____studyoflanguage.A.synchronicB.diachronicC.pres