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浙江外国语学院英文学院《英语语言学概论》复习题集1《英语语言学概论》课程复习题集(1-6章)2012-5-16更新ChapterIIntroduction2012II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:1.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobed__escriptive_____.(prescriptive/laydownrules)2.Chomskydefines“competence”(语言能力)astheidealuser’sknowledge__________oftherulesofhislanguage.3.Langue(语言)referstothea__bstract________linguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunitywhiletheparoleistheconcreteuseoftheconventions（惯例）andapplicationoftherules.43.D____uality_____isoneofthedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguagewhichreferstothephenomenonthatlanguageconsistsoftwolevels:alowerlevelofmeaninglessindividualsoundsandahigherlevelofmeaningfulunits.5.Languageisasystemofa__rbitrary_______vocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.6.Socialinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosociety.7.Thedisciplinethatstudiestherulesgoverningtheformationofwordsintopermissiblesentencesinlanguagesiscalleds_yntax_______.8.Humancapacityforlanguagehasagenetic___basis,butthedetailsoflanguagehavetobetaughtandlearned.9.Performance__(语言能力)__referstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.10.Findingsinlinguisticstudiescanoftenbeappliedtothesettlementofsomepracticalproblems.Thestudyofsuchapplicationsisgenerallyknownasa__pplied______linguistics.11.Languageisp___________inthatitmakespossibletheconstructionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.Inotherwords,theycanproduceandunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberofsentenceswhichtheyhaveneverheardbe12.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientific____studyoflanguage.13.Tohelpdefineandmaintaininterpersonalrelationsisthesocial浙江外国语学院英文学院《英语语言学概论》复习题集2functionoflanguage.III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.1.Thedescriptionofalanguageinafixedinstant(时刻)isa_______study.A.synchronicB.diachronicC.prescriptiveD.systematic2.Theapplicationoflinguisticsprinciplesandtheoriestolanguageteachingandlearningiscalled_____.A.sociolinguisticsB.PsycholinguisticsC.computationallinguisticsD.AppliedLinguistics3.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe______________.A.prescriptiveB.analyticC.descriptiveD.linguistic4.Whichofthefollowingisnotadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?A.ArbitrarinessB.DisplacementC.DualityD.Meaningfulness5.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageas____________.A.primaryB.correctC.secondaryD.stable6.Inmodernlinguistics,speechisregardedasmorebasicthanwriting,because___________.A.inlinguisticevolution,speechispriortowritingB.speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamountofinformationconveyed.C.speechisalwaysthewayinwhicheverynativespeakeracquireshismothertongueD.Alloftheabove7.Manymodernlinguistshavecriticizedtraditionalgrammariansforadoptinga_____approachtolanguagestudy.A.synchronicB.diachronicC.prescriptiveD.descriptive8.Ahistoricalstudyoflanguageisa____studyoflanguage.A.synchronicB.diachronic浙江外国语学院英文学院《英语语言学概论》复习题集3C.prescriptiveD.comparative9.AccordingtoF.deSaussure,____referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.A.paroleB.performanceC.langueD.Language10.Languageissaidtobearbitrarybecausethereisnologicalconnectionbetween_________andmeanings.A.senseB.soundsC.objectsD.ideas11.Languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediate（当前）situationsofthespeaker.Thisfeatureiscalled_________,A.displacementB.dualityC.flexibilityD.culturaltransmission12.Thedistinctionbetweenlangueandparolewasmadeby_______earlylastcentury.A.AmericanlinguistN.ChomskyB.SwisslinguistF.deSaussureC.AmericanlinguistEdwardSapirD.BritishlinguistJ.R.Firth13.Thefactthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferentwordsforthesameobjectisgoodproofthathumanlanguageis.A.arbitraryB.rationalC.logicalD.cultural2.WhatarethemainfeaturesofhumanlanguagethathavebeenspecifiedbyC.Hocketttoshowthatitisessentiallydifferentfromanimalcommunicationsystem?Chapter2：PhonologyII.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:27．Affricate_(破差音)_____referstoastrongpuffofairstreamintheproductionofspeechsounds.浙江外国语学院英文学院《英语语言学概论》复习题集428．A_rticulatory_（发音）________phoneticsdescribesthewayourspeechorgansworktoproducethespeechsoundsandhowtheydiffer.29．Thefoursounds/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/haveonefeatureincommon,i.e,theyareallb_ilabial_sounds.30．Ofallthespeechorgans,thet_ongue___isthemostflexible,andisresponsibleforvarietiesofarticulationthananyother.31．Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintermsofmannerofarticulationorintermsofp__lace_____ofarticulation(发音部位).32．Whentheobstructioncreatedbythespeechorgansistotalorcomplete,thespeechsoundproducedwiththeobstructionaudibly（可听见的）releasedandtheairpassingoutagainiscalledas__top______.33．S_uprasegmental_(超音段)_______featuresarethephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegments.Theyincludestress,tone（音调）,intonation（语调）,etc.34．Therulesthatgovernthecombinationofsoundsinaparticularlanguagearecalledsequential(序列)____rules.35．Thetranscription（标音）ofspeechsoundswithletter-symbolsonlyiscalledbroadtranscription（宽式）whilethetranscription