英语英标和读音规则

英语英标和读音规则语音英语语音名词解释•音节以元音为主体构成的发音单位，一般说来元音发音响亮，可以构成音节，辅音发音不响亮，不能单独构成音节（[m][n][][l]例外）。从单词拼写形式上看，有几个元字组就有几个音节。语音•音节的划分①在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时，一个辅字组属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的音节。例如：let-termem-berchil-drendaugh-ter②在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时，如果前面音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节，如果前面一个音节里的元音是短音，则辅字组属于前面一个音节。例如：长音pa-perstu-dentfa-therze-romo-torfar-ther短音sev-enstud-ymoth-erver-ymod-leweath-er语音•重读音节单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时，应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。语音•开音节①绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例如：noblueba-bystu-dentse-cret.②相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。例如：namethesebikehomeex-cuse.•闭音节单个元音字母后面有辅字组（rwy除外）且以辅字组结尾的重读音节。例如：bageggfishnotcup语音•双音节词重读规则双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。•例如：´stu-dent´Chi-na´sec-ond´au-tumnin-´deed•含有a-be-de-re-in-ex-等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。例如：•a´boutbe´foreex´cusere´pairfor-´get-fulin-´ven-tor语音多音节词重读规则多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。例如：´el-e-phantcon-grat-u-´la-tion词尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的词，在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。例如：scien´tificim´pression´nation•不符合规则的词every从拼写形式上看有三个元字组，但从读音上看只有两个元音，故这个词只有两个音节。中间一个字母e不发音，该词的音节划分方式为eve-ry。elebrate(cel-e-brate)划分音节时不能把字组拆分到两个音节中去（chil-dren)；brprblpl等辅音连缀有时要当作字组来对待，即具有不可分割性；有时又要考虑到词的来源或其他原因而不被当作字组来对待（ward-room、Feb-ru-ar-y)。•字母、字组和字群•字母指的是二十六个字母。字母是构成英文书写的最小单位，英语单词中的字母和单词读音中的各个音素并不存在对应关系。•字组指的是一个或几个字母在起，发一个共同的音素。字组是英语单词发音的基本单位，通常一个字组对应该一个音素。字组分为元字组和辅字组两种。•字群是指几个字组在同一个音节里发两个以上的音素。（如：-tion-sion-sten-stle-ought)TheClosingDiphthongs:合口双元音/eI/aI/I/au/u/CentringDiphthongs:集中双元音/I//U//e//eI/isusuallyreadinthefollowinglettersorlettergroups:aaiayeigheyea•paidsailrain•saydayplay•greytheyhey•cakelatehate•greatbreaksteak•eightneightbourweightMayDay;theladyontheplaneLaborDay;Aprilrain1.Callaspadeaspade.2.Nopains,nogains.3.It'sapaydaytoday.4.Heoftenmakesfacestothebaby.5.Thetrainwasdelayedbytherain。/aI//aI/isusuallyreadinthefollowinglettersorlettergroups:i,y,ie,igh•eyewhybuy•dieskytie•findtimekite•highlightbrightPairWork•quiteright•aniceknife•akindwriter•highinthesky/ai/1.Acathasninelives.2.Greatmindsthinkalike.3.Strikewhiletheironishot.4.Outofsight,outofmind.5.Timeandtidewaitfornoman.6.Thekiteisflyinghighinthesky./I//I/isusuallyreadinthefollowinglettersorlettergroups:oi,oyboytoysoyjoincoinsnoisepointannoyedPairWorktoiletpaperjoyfulboysmakeachoiceTheboywasannoyedbecausehistoywasdestroyed./u/•/u/isusuallyreadinthefollowinglettersorlettergroups:oowoa•gonostovehomebroke•showslowthrow•roadboat•anoldovercoat;•rosesontheroad;•Ihopeso.•AllroadsleadtoRoma.•It’ssocold.Pleaseclosethewindow.•Littlestrokesfellgreatoaks.•Arollingstonegathersnomoss./au//au/isusuallyreadinthefollowinglettersorlettergroups:•bownowallowcowtownploughfoundhousemouthaloudsound;thousandsofflowersabrownhouse;/I//I/isusuallyreadinthefollowinglettersorlettergroups:ear,ere,ea,eerhearnearfearqueerbeercheeredtheatreideaPairworkaqueerideacheerfultearsnearthetheatreSentences•Wefearwecan’thearhimclearlyashehassuchabigbeard.•Mydearbrotherwillcomehomeneartheendoftheyear./e//e/isusuallyreadinthefollowinglettersorlettergroups:are,air,earwheretheretearbearpearshairchairfairsharedstarerarelyPairworkascaredharesharethepearrepairthechairabearonthechairSentences•Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.•Hetakesspecialcareofhishair./U//U/isusuallyreadinthefollowinglettersorlettergroups:ure,oor,ourduringcuredcuriouspuresurelyEuropepoorPairworkfewerandfewerpoorerandpoorerthecurioustouristSentences•ThedoctorfromEuropesaidthatthepatientwouldsurelybecured.•I’msurethat’spuregold.PoemOnamaregoesthemayor,Tothefairatthesquare,Preparedtobuyalittlebear,Thatwillsitonhisfairchair.（镇长骑着母马，来到集市广场上，备买头小熊，让它坐在自己的安乐椅上。）Thankyou!元音•元音字母读音例词•a在开音节中[ei]nameplaneJanebabycake•在闭音节中[æ]bagdadhatmapblackback•e在开音节中[i:]hethesemeChinese•在闭音节中[e]bedletpendeskyesegg•i在开音节中[ai]bikeflydrivetimenicekite•在闭音节中fishbigdrinksitmilkswim•o在开音节中[ou]thoseclosegohoehomeno•在闭音节中[C]clocknotboxshopsock•u在开音节中[ju:]studentexcusedutyTuesday•在闭音节中[∧]buscupjumpmuchlunch