TPO阅读词汇教师讲义分析第17套

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TPO17-1Europe'sEarlySeaTradewithAsia词overland音标['əuvəlænd,-lənd,,əuvə'lænd]中文解析adj.陆上的;经由陆路的adv.经由陆路vt.转地放牧vi.由陆路长途跋涉词根词缀over①表示”过度,过分”;②表示”在……之上”;③表示“翻转”背景拓展:FirstKnownUseofOVERLANDin12thcentury词impetus音标['impitəs]中文解析n.动力;促进;冲力词根pet=seek,表示“追寻,寻求”us,ut=use,表示“用”et=being(存在)(im内+pet+us→内在的追求→冲动)词缀im-,表示“不,无,非”;②表示“向内,进入”背景拓展:Latin,assault,impetus,fromimpeteretoattack,fromin-+peteretogoto,seek—moreatfeatherFirstKnownUse:1641词distrusted音标[dɪsˈtrʌstid]中文解析v.不信任(某人或某物)(distrust的过去式和过去分词)词根tru=true表示“相信,真实”词缀dis①表示不,消失掉;②表示分开,分离背景拓展:FirstKnownUseofDISTRUSTin1548词immensity音标[i'mensəti]中文解析n.巨大;无限;广大词根mens=measure表示“计量,测量等”词缀im①表示“不,无,非”;②表示“向内,进入”背景拓展:FirstKnownUseofIMMENSITY15thcentury词navigable音标['næviɡəbl]中文解析adj.可航行的;可驾驶的;适于航行的词根Nav,naus,naut=ship,表示“船”,naut引申为“海员”词缀able表形容词,“可…的,能…”背景拓展:FirstKnownUseofNAVIGABLE15thcentury词scheme音标[ski:m]中文解析n.计划;组合;体制;诡计vi.搞阴谋;拟订计划vt.计划;策划词根词缀背景拓展:Latinschemat-,schemaarrangement,figure,fromGreekschēmat-,schēma,fromecheintohave,hold,bein(such)acondition;akintoOldEnglishsigevictory,SanskritsahateheprevailsFirstKnownUse:circa1595词sheer音标[ʃiə]中文解析adj.绝对的;透明的;峻峭的adv.完全;陡峭地vi.偏航vt.使偏航;使急转向n.偏航;透明薄织物词根词缀背景拓展:perhapsalterationof1shearFirstKnownUse:1539词commodity音标[kə'mɔditi]中文解析n.商品,货物;日用品词根mod=mode,manner表示“方式,模式,风度”词缀ity表名词,指具备某种性质背景拓展:MiddleEnglishcommoditee,fromAnglo-Frenchcommoditee,fromLatincommoditat-,commoditas,fromcommodusFirstKnownUse:15thcentury词perfume音标[pə'fju:m]中文解析n.香水;香味vt.洒香水于…;使…带香味vi.散发香气词根fum=smoke表示“烟”词缀per①表示“贯穿,自始至终”;②表示“假,坏”背景拓展:MiddleFrenchperfum,probablyfromOldOccitan,fromperfumartoperfume,fromper-thoroughly(fromLatin)+fumartosmoke,fromLatinfumare,fromfumussmoke—moreatFUMEFirstKnownUse:1533词bulk音标[bʌlk]中文解析n.体积,容量;大多数,大部分;大块vt.使扩大,使形成大量;使显得重要词根词缀背景拓展:MiddleEnglish,heap,bulk,fromOldNorsebulkicargoFirstKnownUse:15thcentury词seagoing音标['si:ɡəuiŋ]中文解析adj.适于远航的;从事航业的n.航海词根词缀背景拓展:FirstKnownUseofSEAGOING1828词galley音标['ɡæli]中文解析n.[船]船上的厨房;单层甲板的大帆船;活版盘,长条校样词根词缀背景拓展:MiddleEnglishgaleie,fromAnglo-Frenchgalie,galee,ultimatelyfromMiddleGreekgaleaFirstKnownUse:13thcentury词hull音标[hʌl]中文解析n.船体;(果实的)外壳vt.[粮食]去壳词根词缀背景拓展:MiddleEnglish,fromOldEnglishhulu;akintoOldHighGermanhalahull,OldEnglishhelantoconceal—moreatHELLFirstKnownUse:before12thcentury词hug音标[hʌɡ]中文解析vt.拥抱;紧抱;抱有,坚持vi.拥抱;紧抱在一起;挤在一起n.拥抱;紧抱;固执词根词缀背景拓展:perhapsofScandinavianorigin;akintoOldNorsehuggatosootheFirstKnownUse:1567词caravel音标['kærəvel]中文解析n.轻快帆船词根词缀背景拓展:MiddleFrenchcaravelle,fromOldPortuguesecaravelaFirstKnownUse:1527词hence音标[hens]中文解析adv.因此;今后词根词缀背景拓展:MiddleEnglishhennes,henne,fromOldEnglishheonan;akintoOldHighGermanhinnanaway,OldEnglishhērhereFirstKnownUse:13thcentury词cargo音标['kɑ:ɡəu]中文解析n.货物,船货词根词缀背景拓展:Spanish,load,charge,fromcargartoload,fromLateLatincarricare—moreatCHARGEFirstKnownUse:1657词mast音标[mɑ:st,mæst]中文解析n.桅杆;柱;橡树果实vt.在…上装桅杆词根词缀背景拓展:MiddleEnglish,fromOldEnglishmæst;akintoOldHighGermanmastmast,LatinmalusFirstKnownUse:before12thcentury词thrust音标[θrʌst]中文解析n.[力]推力;刺vt.插;插入;推挤vi.插入;用向某人刺去;猛然或用力推词根词缀背景拓展:MiddleEnglishthrusten,thristen,fromOldNorsethrȳsta;probablyakintoOldNorsethrjōtatotire,OldEnglishthrēatcoercion—moreatTHREATFirstKnownUse:13thcentury词triangular音标[trai'æŋɡjulə]中文解析adj.三角的,[数]三角形的;三人间的词根词缀tri-表示“三”ular表形容词,“有…形状或性质的”背景拓展:MiddleEnglishtrianguler,fromLateLatintriangularis,fromLatintriangulumFirstKnownUse:14thcentury词lateen音标[lə'ti:n]中文解析adj.大三角帆的;有大三帆的n.大三角帆船词根词缀背景拓展:French(voile)latine,literally,Latin(Mediterranean)sailFirstKnownUse:circa1741词maneuver音标[mə'nu:və]中文解析n.[军]机动;演习;策略;调遣vi.[军]机动;演习;调遣;用计谋vt.[军]机动;演习;用计;调遣词根词缀背景拓展:Frenchmanœuvre,fromOldFrenchmaneuvreworkdonebyhand,fromMedievalLatinmanuopera,frommanuoperaretoperformmanuallabor—moreatMANUREFirstKnownUse:1758词astrolabe音标['æstrəuleib]中文解析n.[天]星盘;天体观测仪词根词缀背景拓展:MiddleEnglish,fromAnglo-French&MedievalLatin;Anglo-Frenchastrelabe,fromMedievalLatinastrolabium,fromLateGreekastrolabion,fromGreekastrolabos,fromastr-+lambaneintotake—moreatLATCHFirstKnownUse:14thcentury词latitude音标[ˈlætɪˌtud,-ˌtjud]中文解析n.纬度;范围;[天]黄纬;词根词缀itude表名词,“性质,状态等”背景拓展:MiddleEnglish,fromLatinlatitudin-,latitudo,fromlatuswide;akintoOldChurchSlavicpostĭlatitospreadFirstKnownUse:14thcentury词longitude音标[ˈlɑndʒɪˌtud,-ˌtjud,ˈlɔn-]中文解析n.经度,经线;[天]黄经词根词缀itude表名词,“性质,状态等”背景拓展:MiddleEnglish,fromLatinlongitudin-,longitudo,fromlongusFirstKnownUse:14thcentury词magnetic音标[mæɡ'netik]中文解析adj.地磁的;有磁性的;有吸引力的词根词缀tic(1)表形容词,“…的”;(2)表名词,“人或学科”;(3)表名词,“某种病”背景拓展:FirstKnownUseofMAGNETICin1611词compass音标[ˈkʌmpəs,ˈkɑm-]中文解析n.罗盘;指南针;圆规;界限词根词缀背景拓展:MiddleEnglish,fromAnglo-Frenchcumpassertomeasure,fromVulgarLatin*compassaretopaceoff,fromLatincom-+passuspaceFirstKnownUse:14thcentury词obliterate音标[ə'blitəreit]中文解析vt.消灭;涂去;冲刷;忘掉词根liter=letter表示“文字,字母”词缀ob-表示“逆,倒,加强意义”ate(1)表动词,“做,造成”;(2)表形容词,“具有…的”;(3)表名词,“人或地位”背景拓展:Latinoblitteratus,pastparticipleofoblitterare,fromob-ob-+litteraletterFirstKnownUse:1600词refine音标[rɪˈfaɪn]中文解析vt.提炼;改善;使高雅词根词缀re①表示“向后,相反,不”;②表示“一再,重新”背景拓展:FirstKnownUseofREFINEin1582词maritime音标['mæritaim]中文解析adj.海的;海事的;沿海的;海员的词根词缀背景拓展:Latinmaritimus,frommareFirstKnownUse:circa1550词originate音标[ə'
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