PresentationFatDetermination8-2013MK脂肪测定

FatDeterminationAnalyticalSystems脂肪的测定FatDeterminationacc.toWeibull-Stoldt10January,20202Speaker:MarkusKranz–C.GerhardtGmbH&Co.KG演讲者：马库斯克兰芝先生——德国格哈特仪器有限公司FatDetermination脂肪的测定FatDeterminationacc.toWeibull-StoldtAgenda（演讲内容）1.Introduction（绪言）2.Fatdeterminationmethods（脂肪测定方法）3.Preparationoffatcontainingsamples（脂肪样品的制备）4.Digestioninhydrochloricacid（盐酸水解过程）5.Extraction（萃取过程）6.Qualityassurance（质量保证）7.Discussion（讨论）10January,20203FatDeterminationacc.toWeibull-Stoldt10January,20204WhyistheFatContentdetermined?为何要测定脂肪含量？Fatisanelementoffood.（脂肪是食物的基本成分。）Togetherwithwater,protein,dietaryfibresandsodium,itformsthe„BigFive“infoodanalytics.（与水、蛋白质、膳食纤维和盐一起并称食品分析5大指标。）Thedeterminationmethodsforfatarelaiddownin§64oftheGermanFoodandFeedCode‘Lebens-undFuttermittel-gesetzbuchLFGB’.（德国食品和饲料法典第64条中规定了食品和饲料法规（LFGB）指定脂肪的测定方法）Fatisanelementoffeed.（脂肪也是饲料中的一个基本成分。）.TheGermanofficialmethodfordeterminationoffatinfeedisbasedontheWeendermethod（德国官方饲料中脂肪的测定方法是Weender法）Duetoitshighenergycontent,fatcharacterizesthenutrientvalueandthus,thevalueoffoodorfeed.（由于脂肪含有高能量，脂肪代表着营养价值，因此，脂肪是食品或饲料中的营养价值指标）Thefatcontentisaparameterfortheassessmentofprocessingpropertiesof,forexample,meatorfeedstuffs（脂肪含量是评估肉类、饲料等产品加工处理效果的一个指标）FatDeterminationacc.toWeibull-Stoldt10January,20205WherecanFatbefound?TheNatureofFat脂肪的自然存在Vegetableoil,e.g.oilseeds，food,semiluxuryfood,feed,biodiesel,biogas植物油脂，如：油菜籽、食物、半奢侈食品、饲料、生物柴油、沼气等）Animalfatfood,feed动物油脂：食物、饲料Recycledfats,e.g.fortechnicalapplications循环使用的油脂，如：用于科技方面的油脂FatDeterminationacc.toWeibull-Stoldt10January,20206FatTerminology脂肪的术语Lipoids类脂:-fatlikesubstancesinanimalcellsandplantcells是指在动物细胞和植物细胞的类似脂肪的物质-insolubleinwater不溶于水-fataccompanyingsubstances和脂肪在一起的物质FatsOilsWaxesLipidsLipoids脂肪油蜡脂类类脂FatDeterminationacc.toWeibull-Stoldt10January,20207DefinitionofLipids脂类的定义Lipids脂类:naturalsubstances(fats,oils,waxes)天然物质（脂肪，油，蜡）Lipidscanbesolvedfrombiologicalmaterialbyno-polarorweaklypolarsolvents脂质可以被非极性或弱极性的溶剂从生物材料中溶解出来Lipids(fats,oilsandwaxes)areesteroffattyacids脂类（脂肪，油和蜡）是脂肪酸的酯Fattyacidsaresaturatedorunsaturatedmonocarboxylicacids脂肪酸是饱和的或不饱和的一元羧酸Waxes:differentdefinitions,esterofmonohydroxylicalcohols,e.g.myricylpalmitate(majoringredientinbeeswax)蜡：有不同的定义，单羟基醇酯，例如棕榈酸蜂花（蜂蜡的主要成分）FatDeterminationacc.toWeibull-Stoldt10January,20208DefinitionofFat/DefinitionofOil脂肪/油脂的定义Fatsoroils:esterfromtrihydroxylicalcoholglycerine,witheachofthethreeOHgroupsesterifiedwithafatmolecule（脂肪或油脂：三羟基醇甘油的酯，其三个OH基各带一个酯化脂肪分子基团）Fatandoildifferintheirmeltingpoints（脂肪和油脂熔点不同）Thehigherthecontentofunsaturatedfattyacids,theloweristhemeltingpoint（不饱和脂肪酸的含量越高，熔点越低Lipids:fat+lipoids（脂类：脂肪+类脂）Neutralfat（中性脂肪）glycerine(propan-3-ol)甘油（丙三醇）FatDeterminationacc.toWeibull-StoldtOccurrenceandComposition成分构成Type类型SaturatedCarboxylicAcidsw[%]饱和羧酸UnsaturatedFattyAcidsw[%]不饱和脂肪酸Eneacids烯酸Dieneacids二烯酸Trieneacids三烯酸C8C10C12C14C16C18C18C16C16C18C18C18C18beeffat(tallow)牛油0,22-325-3021-260.4-10.52-339-420.32butter黄油1-2a2-31-48-1325-328-130.4-21-22-522-290.2-153coconut椰子5-94-1044-5113-187-101-45-80-11-3maizeoil玉米油0-28-101-41-230-500-234-56cottonseed棉花种子0-317-231-323-440-134-55lard猪油125-3012-160.22-541-512-33-8oliveoil橄榄油0-10-27-201-30-11-353-860-34-22palmoil棕榈油1-632-471-640-522-11palmkernels棕榈仁2-43-745-5214-196-91-31-20-110-181-2peanutoil花生油0.56-113-65-101-239-6617-38soybeanoil豆油0.37-112-51-30-122-3450-602-10linseedoil亚麻籽油0.25-94-70.5-19-298-29b45-67ctungoil桐油4-138-1578-82daw(C4)=3-4%,w(C6)=1-2%bLinoleicacid,cis,cis-9,12-octadienoicacid亚油酸，,cis,cis-9，12-辛二烯酸cLinoleicacid,cis,cis-9,12,15-octadienoicacid亚油酸，,cis,cis-9，12，15-辛二烯酸dElaeostearicacid,cis,trans,trans-9,11,13-octadecatrienoicacidandsaturatedcarboxylicacids(w=3-6%)桐酸，cis,trans,trans-9，11，13-十八碳三烯酸和饱和羧酸（w=3-6％）10January,20209FatDeterminationacc.toWeibull-Stoldt10January,202010DefinitionofFat脂肪的定义Fatshavesimilarchemicalandphysicalproperties,forinstanceregardingtheirsolubilityinorganicsolvents（脂肪具有相似的理化性质，例如在有机溶剂中溶解度相似）Thesimilarpropertiesareutilizedinanalytics:thetotalfatcontentisdeterminedbyextractionwithlipophilicsolvents（化学分析利用了脂肪的这个相似性：用亲脂性溶剂萃取方法来测定总脂肪含量）Thefatwhichcanbeextracteddirectlyiscalled‘freefat’（可以被直接提取的脂肪称为“游离脂肪‘）Fatwhichisboundorenclosedbyotherorganiccomponentscannotbeextracteddirectly.与其他有机物资结合或者被包裹的脂肪不能直接被萃取。Fordeterminationofthetotalfatcontent,thesamplemustbedigestedpriortoextraction.要测定其总脂肪含量的测定，样品必须先消解后提取。FatDeterminationacc.toWeibull-StoldtMethods脂肪分析方法Referencemethods:参考方法acc.toWeibull-Stoldt,Schmid-Bondzynski,Röse-Gottlieb,DGFmethodforoil-bearingseeds,andothers（参照：威施法（酸水解索氏法）、斯密特酸水解重量法、罗紫－哥特里法（氨水法）、DGF油料种子法（两次索氏法）等）Chemicalquickmethods:Gerber,butyrometer,andothers（化学快速测定方法:盖勃法,乳脂计等）Quick-assayorsecondarymethods,whichgoonfromthereferenceanalyses:NIR,NMR（快速检测或间接方法，以参考方法做定标：近红外光谱，核磁共振）10January,202011注：DGF＝GermanSocietyforFatScience(德国油脂科学学会)FatDeterminationacc.toWeibull-StoldtDifferentMethodsfordifferentSamplesandNeeds不同方法用于不同的样品和需求Solventextractionmethodsforfatdetermination:FreeFat,Babcockmethod脂肪的溶剂萃取方法：游离脂肪，巴布科克法DestabilizationMethods：acc.toWeibull-Stoldt