unit1知识点_学案-蒋

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-1-必修五Unit1GreatScientists-教师一.词形变化1n,科学→adj.科学的→n.科学家2v.宣布→n.宣布→n,广播员,告知者3v..指导,命令→n.指导,指示→adj.有益的,教育性的4vt结束,推断出→n结论5vt污染→adj受污染的→n污染→污染物二.词语辨析1.character/characteristicn.character性格,品质(本身具有的);角色,人物;字体,字符characteristic特点,特征(区别于其他事物)【练习】选择character或characteristic并用其适当的形式填空⑴WearebuildingsocialismwithChinese______________(character).⑵Hefinishedanovelwith2millionChinese___________(character).⑶Heisfirmin__________(character).2cure/treat治疗,cure表示治愈的结果curesb.ofsth.治好某人的疾病acurefor治疗……的方法/药物treat表示治疗的过程treatsbforsth⑴Hersonwasaddictedtothecomputergamesandshehadtospendmuchtimecurehim______thebadhabits.⑵Doctorsaresearchingfora_____H7N9.(3)Afterbeing________forsuchalongtime,thewound___________atlast.三.重点词汇1.defeatvt.打败;战胜;使受挫;n.失败1)Doyoustillrememberthetwodefeats.2)Wedefeatedthematthefootballmatchyesterday.辨析:defeat,beat&windefeat与beat同义,表示“击败对方”,宾语为参赛者或竞争者,如sb.或ateam;defeat还可以有“战胜...疾病”之意。win则表示“赢得比赛、战争或某些奖赏”,宾语为game,match,war,prize等,不能接人。运用:用defeat、beat或win填空。ZhangJikeWanghaoandthechampionatthe2012LondonOlympicGames.2.attendv.1)注意;留意;处理(可与to连用)=dowith2)照看;照料:(可与to连用)=takecare;lookafter3)出席;到场:1)We'llattendtotheproblemlater.2)Whichdoctorisattending(to)you?[重点用法]attendancen.出席,出席的人数,伺候,照料attendschool上学attendalecture/meeting听讲座/出席会议attendawedding/ceremony出席婚礼‘/参加典礼[练习]1)他们在我们不在时管理事务。-2-___________________________________________________________________2)他在这个领域很出名,今晚会有成千上万的敬仰者参加他的讲座。___________________________________________________________________区别attend(meeting,ceremony,wedding)/join(party,army,team)/joinin/takepartin3.exposevt.1)使暴露,显露2)曝光3)揭露expose...to使……显露/暴露beexposedto招致;暴露于;感染(病)运用:根据汉语意思完成英语句子。⑴Thosewho______________(expose)tobirdfluwereseparatedandtreatedwithoutdelay.⑵Stayathomeanddon’texposeyourskin______thesun.3)Hetheplanthenewspapers.4.absorb1)吸收2)使(精神)贯注3)占用(时间)[重点用法]beabsorbedin全神贯注于;热衷于;absorbone’sattention吸引某人注意力⑴当我进来时,他正聚精会神地在看小说。WhenIentered,he_____________________anovel⑵我们可以从外国语言中吸收我们需要的东西。Wecan___________________fromforeignlanguages(3)颜色丰富的东西总能轻易地吸引孩子们的注意力。___________________________________________________________________5suspectsb.of....认为某人有……的嫌疑suspectsb.tobe怀疑某人是:suspectedthat...表示“怀疑其有”;用:用适当的词填空或用所给词的适当形式填空。⑴Heissuspected____murder.⑵Isuspectedhim_______(be)thespy.⑶Whatmadeyoususpecther___havingtakenthemoney?6.Blamevt.责备;谴责;归咎于;blamesb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而指责某人blamesth.onsb.因某事而指责某人sb.betoblamefor(doing)sth.因(做)某事某人应该受到谴责;注意(无被动形式)。n责怪;(过失、过错等)责任take/put/beartheblamefor某人对,,,承担责任[练习]汉译英1.Idon’tblameyoudoingthat.2.Don’tblameithim,butme.3)看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮用水了.___________________________________________________________________4)这件事谁也不能怨.---两种译法___________________________________________________________________blame/scold区别blame责备;谴责;归咎于强调对某种可以解释的失误或不良行为的谴责或惩罚:scold斥责”、“责骂”指大声呵斥,责备,唠唠叨叨地说,常用于长辈对晚辈1)Don't_______itonme.2)Theparents______thenaughtyboyandaskedhimtoleavethehomeatonce.7.instructvt教导;指示1)ThevolunteersoftengotoanorphanhometoinstructorphansinEnglish-3-4)HewasinstructedtosailforNewYork.。[重点用法]instructsb.(insth.)教,教导,传授技能instructsb.todo;instructwh-命令,指示,instructthat-clause通知孩子们被要求放学后留在教室里.7.concludevt.&vi.结束;推断出;决定,作结论n.结论,结束concludesth.fromsth.从……得出……结论conclude...with以……为结束……cometo/draw/reachaconclusion得出结论Toconclude/inconclusion总之,最后(=finally)会议结束时,他们得出了结论。总而言之,好公民应该遵守交通规则。____________,agoodcitizenshouldobservetrafficregulations.四重点词组(旨在提供综合运用所需材料)1.putforward推荐某人或自己任职位;提出(意见、建议);将...提前,推荐;;将表拨快1)Heputforwardanewplanyesterday.2)MayIputyournameforwardasapossiblechairmanofthecommittee?3)thewomen’sfinalhasbeenputforwardto2:00.4)Heputhiswatchforwardtoavoidbeinglateformeeting.[短语归纳]putonputonperformancesputanendtoputoff;putone'sheartintoputdownputoutputbackputupputaway[练习]用put构成的短语填空:1)Youcantakeanythingfromtheshelf,butplease______thebookswhenyou'vefinishedwiththem.2)Heoften_______someusefuladvice.2linkvt.连接;联系n.环;连接;联系;纽带常用结构:link...to/with将……和……连接/联系起来belinkedto与,,,有关linkup连接起来1这条公路连接着上海和北京。2证据显示,约翰与这起枪击案有关。.五重点句子(旨在提供句子结构等所需材料)1.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.每次瘟疫爆发,数以千计的人们在恐惧中死去.[解释]everytime可作连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“每次,经常”eachtime,nexttime,thefirst/second/last...timeimmediately,themoment,directly,instantly等都可以作连词引导时间状语从句,意为“一……就……”练习]汉译英1)每次见到他,我就想起发生在我们之间的事情。-4-2)每次我去找他,他都在专心看书.___________________________________________________________________3)我一见到她就把这本书给了她。___________________________________________________________________2suggest表示“建议做某事”,通常用suggestdoingsth,而不能用suggesttodosth他建议坐飞机去。汤姆建议把房子卖了。suggest后接宾语从句时,从谓语既可用陈述语气,也可用虚拟语气,其区别与suggest所表示的意思有关:1.若suggest表示“建议”,则其后接的that从句谓语通常用“(should)+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气形式.我建议她回家去。2.若suggest表示“暗示”“表明”等义,则其后接的that从句要用陈述语气。如:他说的话表明他是个骗子。3havesthdone1.我们刚才请人把机器修好了。2.他(请人给他)理发了。3这个病人准备请/叫/让人量体温。havesbdosth“让/叫/使某人做某事”。老板经常要他们一天工作14个小时。havesb/sthdoing“叫/让/使某人做某事或让某种情况发生”。不要让婴儿啼哭!-5-Usinglanguage1.contributevi.&vt.捐助,捐献,贡献;投稿[典例]1)Hecontributedtothechurch.他向教会捐款。2)Heoftencontributestothisnewspaper.他经常向这家报社投稿。3)Cigarettesmokingisamajorfactorcontributingtocancer.吸烟是导致癌症的主要因素。[重点用法]注意:短语中to为介词;contribution.n.捐献,贡献;投稿contribute…to…向……捐献(投稿)contr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