Book3UNITONECHANGESINTHEWAYWELIVETextAMR.DOHERTYBUILDSHISDREAMLIFEI.Vocabulary1.haulv.①pullordragsomethingwitheffortorforce用力拖,用力拉【典型例句】Theyhauledtheboatupontotheshore.他们用力把船拖上岸。②transport,aswithatruck,cartortrain用卡车或马车搬运、拖运。【典型例句】Thesefarmersusuallyhaulvegetablestothemarketnearbyonacartatfiveo’clockeverymorning.农民们通常在每天清晨5点用马车将蔬菜拖运到附近的市场。【辨析】haul,pull,draw,drag这组动词都可以表示“拉”、“拖”、“拽”的意思。haul表示“强有力的拖或拉”,在美国英语中表示“运输”,这个词总表示“以机械或有关工具进行拖拉”,如:Theyhadtohaulthecaroutofthemud.他们只得将车从烂泥里拖出来。pull通用词,常伴有状语表示拖的方向,如:Asmallfishing-boatwascarriedmilesouttoseabyapowerfulfishasitpulledontheline.一条小渔船被一条力气很大的鱼拖着鱼线带到数英里以外的海上去了。draw通常表示“向前方拖”或“向施加力的人或物的方向拖或拉”,并且包含着“比较轻易地或平滑地运动”,如:Ifatrainenteredthistunnel,itwoulddrawinfreshair.如果火车开进这条隧道,它会抽进新鲜空气。drag含义是“慢慢而沉重地拽”,而且包含着被拖者进行着积极的或消极的反抗,如:Whenhehadkilledtheguard,theprisonerofwarquicklydraggedhimintothebushes.战俘杀死卫兵后,很快把他拖进矮树丛中。【考点】在考试中,经常与haul搭配的短语有haularound(改变航向以躲避某物,退却、撤退)和haulup(船迎风行驶,把……拖上来)。【典型考题】Rescueworkers______survivorsoutoftheruinsofthechurch.A.tookB.hauledC.putD.dragged【答案】B【解析】此题强调了用力拉,drag没有此意,它强调的是“缓慢而费力地拽或拉”;take和put不符合题意。译文:救援人员把幸存者从教堂的废墟中拉了出来。【真题】Ifyouwanttogetintothattunnel,youfirsthaveto______awayalltherocks.(CET-6,2000.1)A.repelB.haulC.transferD.dispose【答案】B【解析】A.repel的含义是“击退,逐开”,例如:Aplasticcoatingrepelsmoisture.塑料涂层能防潮。B.haul的意思是“拖走,拖运”,例如:Theoldfishermanhauledupthefishingnet.这个老渔夫将鱼网拉了上来。C.transfer的意思是“转移,转学,改变”,例如:Hisemployertransferredhimtoanotheroffice.老板把他调到了另一个办公室。D.dispose的意思是“处理,处置”,例如:Wehavetodisposeofthispileofoldpapersandmagazines.我们得把这堆旧报纸和杂志处理掉。译文:如果你想进入隧道,你应该先将石头拖走。2.supplement1)n.①anadditionalamountthatmakessomethingcompleteorsuppliessomethingelsethatisneeded增补物,补充物【典型例句】Vegetablesandfruitaredietarysupplements.蔬菜和水果是对饮食的补充。②anadditionalpartattheendofabookorasaseparatepartofanewspaper,magazineetc.增刊,副刊【典型例句】IliketoreadtheSundaycolorsupplementsofthismagazine.我喜欢看这本杂志的星期天彩色增刊。2)v.addtosomethinginordertoimproveit(followedbywith)补充;增补(经常与with连用),追加【典型例句】Shesupplementsherdietwithvitamintablets.她服用维生素片剂以补充规定食谱中的营养。【记忆法】由supplement派生的词有:supplementary(增补者,增补物),supplementation(增补,补充)。supplyvt.&n.供应,供给,Thegovernmentsuppliesfreebookstoschoolsinthepoorareas.政府免费给贫困地区的学校供应书籍。【典型考题】Thecollegestudent______hisordinaryincomebywritingsomeessays.A.addedB.increasedC.supplementedD.improved【答案】C【解析】add的意思是“加,增添”;increase的意思是“增长,增加”;supplement的意思是“补充”;improve指“改善,提高”。译文:这个大学生靠写一些小品文以补充正常的收入。【典型考题】Inprevioustimes,whenfreshmeatwasinshort_______,pigeonswerekeptbymanyhouseholdsasasourceoffood.A.storeB.provisionC.reserveD.supply【答案】D【解析】store意为“储存”;provision意为“供应,准备”;reserve意为“收藏,保存”;都不能与inshort配。译文:以前鲜肉供应不足的时候,许多家庭将鸽子作为一种食物。【典型例题】Thefamilywantedtobuyanewcar.buttheyfoundthattheycouldnot______anewone.A.affordB.provideC.supportD.supply【答案】A【解析】afford担负的起(……的费用、损失、后果等);B.provide提供;C.support支持;D.supply供给,供应译文:这个家庭想买一辆新车,但是他们发现自己买不起。【典型例题】TVmust______formanydifferenttastesofthepeopleorTVprogrammingwillbeafailuretosomeextent.A.supplyB.caterC.satisfyD.provide【答案】B【解析】cater:迎合,投合,与for或to连用。A.supply:供给,提供;C.satisfy:使满意;D.provide:提供译文:电视节目必须迎合不同人的品位,否则,从某种程度上讲是失败的。【历年真题】We'll______youforanydamagedonetoyourhousewhileweareinit.(CET-6,2000.6)A.compensateB.remedyC.supplementD.retrieve【答案】A【解析】本题测试:动词句型及相关词义干扰。A.compensate补偿,赔偿:经常与for连用,~sb.fordamage/losses,etc.例如:Managementcompensatedusforthetimeweworked.资方补偿我们工作时间的报酬。B.remedy补救,纠正(错误、欠缺等),例如:Hedecidedtoremedyhismistake.他决定弥补错误。C.supplement补充(数量之不足),增补,增刊,例如:Hewritesinhissparetimetosupplementhisincome.他业余时间写作来补充收入。D.retrieve检索,挽回(损失,~one'slosses),补救,重新找到;例如:Thepassengerretrievedalostpieceofluggage旅客找回一件遗失的行李。译文:我们居住期间你的房子所遭到的破坏我们会进行补偿的。3.indoora.situatedorusedinsideabuilding室内的,户内的【典型例句】Thegrandhotelhasalargeindoorswimmingpoo1.大饭店有一个大的室内游泳池。【记忆法】indoor可以与其反义词outdoor(户外的)一起记忆,indoorsad.,outdoorsad.【典型考题】Tobaccosmokeisviewedasaserious______pollutant.A.insideB.outsideC.outdoorD.indoor【答案】D【解析】inside和outside主要指任何事物“内部的;外部的”;indoor和outdoor则强调的是“室内的;室外的”。译文:烟草所产生的烟尘被认为是一种严重的室内污染物。【历年真题】OnNewYear'sEve,NewYorkCityholdsanoutdoor______whichattractsacrowdofamillionormorepeople.(CET-4,2001.1)A.affairB.incidentC.caseD.event【答案】D【解析】affair意为“事务,事情”;incident意为“发生的事,时间,事变”;case意为“事例,情况,事实,病例,事件”;event意为“事件,大事,比赛项目”译文:新年夜前,纽约市举行了一个户外比赛项目,吸引了上百万甚至更多的观众。4.spray1)v.forceoutliquidinsmalldropsupon(followedbywith)喷洒【典型例句】Thefarmerwassprayinghiscropswithpesticide.农夫正向农作物喷洒杀虫剂。2)n.waterinverysmalldropsblownfromthesea,awaterfalletc.浪花,水花,飞沫2)喷雾【典型例句】Ournewshowerheadsreducesprayandwastelesswater.我们的新淋浴喷头减少了水流的喷溅,节约了用水。Youcangetthispolishinatubeorinaspray.你要的上光剂有管装的,也有喷雾装的。【记忆法】sprayern.喷雾者,喷雾器,喷漆器【辨析】spray和splashsplash强调的是“溅,泼,溅污湿,泼湿”,例如:Shesplashedwateroverthefloor.她把水泼在地板上。Thelittleboysplashedapagewithink.这个小男孩把墨水溅在书页上。spray则是指均匀地喷洒。【考点】spraysth.onsb./sth.或者spraysb.sth.withsth.向某人(某物)喷……;sprayout喷出【典型考题】Mr.Smithusedto______theflowerswithwaterintheafternoon.A.sprayB.splashC.spitD.split【答案】A【解析】spray和splash的差别已在辨析中提及;spit的意思是“喷吐”;split的意思是“劈开,分裂”。译文:史密斯先生过去常常在下午用水浇花。【典型考题】Onthiscloudlesssummermorningevery1eafandbladeofgrasswassparkingwith______.A.sprayB.raindrops