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新世纪大学英语综合教程第三册1Unit2TextANewwordsandExpressions1.holdon:tocontinueinspiteofdifficultiesDespiteallthehardships,heheldontohispursuitoffurtherstudyabroad.Weshouldholdontoourbusinessduringtherecession.在经济衰退时期我们要把业务坚持下去。2.defy:vt.1)tomakeimpossibleorunsuccessfulThisproblemdefiedsolution.此问题无法解决。Thathorriblescenedefiedanydescription.那个恐怖的场景难以描述。2)torefusetoobeyTheydefiedtheirparentsandgotmarried.Thesecriminalswhohaddefiedthelawwereeventuallypunished.这些无视法律的罪犯终于得到了惩罚。3.Collocationsdefytheauthority反抗权威defythegovernment蔑视政府defyseverecold不畏严寒defyenumeration不胜枚举defylawshumananddivine无法无天CF:oppose,defy&resist这些动词均含有“反抗”，“抵抗”之意。oppose普通用词，可表不同程度的抵抗。defy指公开地、勇敢地反对或抵抗，有时含公然挑衅之意。resist指积极地反抗一种攻击、暴力或诱惑。4.overwhelming:adj.overpoweringineffectorstrengthThegirlscreamedwithoverwhelmingjoyatthesightofherbirthdaypresent,apinkdress.Heeventuallygotanervousbreakdownundertheoverwhelmingpressure.巨大的压力终于让他精神崩溃了。5.given:prep.takingsth.intoaccountGiventhecompany’spoorachievementinthefirsthalfoftheyear,wedecidedthattheinvestmentbeleftaside.考虑到公司上半年业绩不佳，我们决定暂缓这次投资。Giventhatsheisinterestedinchildren,Iamsureteachingistherightcareerforher.6.indulge:vi.[oftenusedwithin]toallowoneselftohaveordosth.thatoneenjoys,esp.sth.thatisconsideredratherbadorharmfulForgetaboutdietingtodayandjustindulgeinthefood.我们应该给孩子们提供更多引导，以免他们沉迷于电脑游戏。Weshouldgivethechildrenmoreguidance,incasetheyindulgeinPCgames.CF:spoil&indulge这两个动词均含“纵容”，“迁就”之意。spoil纵容，易造成性情的扭曲。例如：indulge指迁就或放任某人应该节制的欲望、要求或感情。例如：Don’tspoilthechildbygivinghimwhateverheasksfor.新世纪大学英语综合教程第三册2不要对孩子有求必应，这样会惯坏他。Shealwaysindulgesinidledaydreams.她总是沉溺于徒劳的白日梦中。7.interact:vi.(ofpeople)toacttogetherorco-operatively,esp.soastocommunicatewitheachotherPartiesareachanceforpeopletointeractwitheachother.Teachersshouldinteractwithstudentsfrequentlytoensureagoodclassatmosphere.好的课堂氛围应该是学生和教师能有足够的互动。8.await:vt.towaitforWearestillawaitinginstructions.我们仍在等候指示。9.groom:vt.totakecareoftheappearanceof(oneself)bydressingneatly,keepingthehairtidy,etc.Thelittlegirlisgroomingherselfcarefullyinfrontofthemirror.小女孩正在镜子前仔细地打扮自己。Aflightattendantshouldalwaysbeperfectlygroomed.空中服务员应该总是浑身上下干净利落。10.pursue:vt.trytoachievesth.;continuesteadilywith;carryonOurbosshasdecidednottopursuethematteranyfurther.老板决定不再追查那事。Collocationspursuesb.追求某人pursueavocation从事一份职业pursueahobby从事一项爱好pursueagoal追求一个目标11.buildon:tobaseonOurcompany’sfuturedevelopmentisbuiltonrecentsuccess.我们公司未来的发展是以近来的成功为基础的。12.blossom:vi.toproduceflowersThecherrytreesblossomedearlythisyear.Shehasblossomedoutintoabeautifulyoungwoman.13.affection:n.fondness;gentlelastinglove,likethatofaparentforachildTheoldpriestwasheldingreataffection.Theprincipalhadafatherlyaffectionfortheyoungsters.老人很疼爱他的孙女。Theoldmanfeltgreataffectionforhisgranddaughter.CF:affection,love&attachment这些名词均含“爱”，“热爱”之意。affection指对人的爱慕或深厚、温柔的感情，强调感情的深沉。love比affection的语气更强。表示一种难以控制的激情。attachment通常用于书面文字中，既可指对某人某物的喜欢，又可指出自理智对某人或某物的热爱，尤指长时间的爱13.flesh:n.thebodyasopposedtothemindorsoulThespiritiswillingbutthefleshisweak.心有余而力不足。Collocations:flesh-eating食肉的fleshandblood血肉之躯intheflesh活生生的，本人makeone’sfleshcreep心惊肉跳14.constraint:n.sth.thatlimitsone’sfreedomofactionWeshouldnotignorethemoralconstraintsinourpursuitofsuccess.新世纪大学英语综合教程第三册315.restraint:n.theactofrestrainingortheconditionofbeingrestrainedThepoliceofficershowedgreatrestraintwhatevertheyoungmansaidtohim.16.haste:n.quicknessofmovement,hurryWhyallthehaste?为什么这么匆忙?Morehaste,lessspeed.欲速则不达。CF:haste,speed&hurry这些名词均含“迅速”，“急速”之意。haste中性词，用作褒义指动作迅速，事情做得又快又好；作贬义用时，指做事急躁，行为鲁莽，得不到预期的结果。speed多用于褒义，指行动敏捷，效果好。hurry指急速从事某项活动或匆忙对付一件事情，含明显慌乱的意思。17.compatible:adj.abletoexist,live,orbeusedtogetherorwith(anotherthing)Thisprinteriscompatiblewithmostcomputers.这台打印机与大多数计算机兼容。18.sensibility:n.1)abilitytoreceiveandappreciatedelicateimpressionsThispaintingshowshissensibilitytocolor.2)capacityforbeingeasilyoffendedorshockedThisarticleoffendedmostreaders’sensibilities.这篇文章挫伤了大多数读者的感情。19.blamesth.onsth./sb.:toconsidersth./sb.responsibleforsth.badTheyblamethefailureonhisstubbornattitude.他们把这次失败归咎于他顽固的态度。20.originate:vi.tohaveasanestablishedstartingpointThestyleofarchitectureoriginatedfromtheAncientGreece.这种建筑风格起源于古希腊。CF:arise,originate&result这些动词均有“起源”，“源自”之意。arise多与from连用，强调指从无到有的产生，表一种因果关系。originate强调产生变化的起源。result强调变化的最终结果。21.distort:vt.togiveafalseordishonestaccountofTheannouncementwassodistortedthatIcouldn’tunderstandwhatwassaid.22.passion:n.apowerfulemotion,suchaslove,joy,hatred,orangerHe’sbeenknowntoflyintoapassionwithoutwarning.大家都知道他动不动就发火。CF:emotion,feeling,passion&sentiment这些名词的共同含义是“感情”或“情感”。emotion普通用词，词义中性。泛指因外界刺激而引起思想情感从细微变化到最强烈的发作。例如：Shespokeunsteadilyinavoicethatbetrayedheremotion.她断断续续的讲话暴露了她的感情。feeling普通用词，含义广。多指具体的、内心的感受，或表露出来的强烈情感。例如：Poetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings.诗是强烈感情的自然流露。passion指极强烈的感情，尤指愤怒、爱好等。也常指两性间的爱情。例如：Hispassionforhermadehimblindtoeverythingelse.他强烈地爱着她,对其他一切都已视若无睹。新世纪大学英语综合教程第三册4sentiment一般指由一种思想激起的感情，含较大的理智因素。例如：Hedeliveredaspeechfullofloftysentiments.他的演讲充分表达了一种高尚的情操。23.acquire:vt.togainbyone’sownability,effortsorbehaviorAfteryearsofstudyinc