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LanguagestructuresThispartisfocusedon:theadverbialclauseofpurposetheadverbialclauseofresulttheadverbialclauseofconcessiontheadverbialclauseofcomparisontheadverbialclauseoftimetheadverbialclauseofmannertheadverbialclauseofreason1.vaccinate注射疫苗vaccinatesb.against给某人接种疫苗以防止protectsbagainst…保护…不得（…疾病）2.smallpox天花Vaccinationimmunizespeopleagainstsmallpox种牛痘能使人免患天花。3.Rialto纽约百老汇戏院区;大城市剧院区4.Keepfit5.prize-awardingceremony6.Luggagevan7.Injection8.Studentrepresentative9.awful-indistinct-clear;(Englishconversationtape)dreadful-boring-interesting;(film)horrible-unpleasant-enjoyable(popmusictape)10.Beboundtodo…11.intentupon/ondoingsth.对某事专心致志;一心一意要做某事beintentupon/onsth.对某事专心致志;一心一意要做某事ofintent有意地,蓄意地toallintentsandpurposes(=toallintents;toallintentandpurpose)在各个主要方面,无论从哪一点来看，实际上,事实上,实质上12.understand…thoroughly.Dialogue1Newwordsandexpressions1.beconcernedabout/for…--Naturallywewereconcernedforhimwhenweheardoftheaccident.--Theyappearedcompletelyunconcernedaboutwhattheyhaddone.--bemuchconcernedabout2.interfereviinterferein/with--interfereinsb.'sprivateaffairs--Ifyouhadnotinterfered,Ishouldhavefinishedmyworkbynow.--ComeonSundayifnothinginterferes.--Don'tinterferewithhim.--Sedentaryhabitsofteninterferewithhealth.Wordfamily:interfereferingadj.interferern.3relievev.lessen(pain,anxiety,ortrouble)---Wewererelievedtohearthatshewasoutofdanger.---Thedoctorsdidtheirbesttobringrelieftothepatient.Comparison:relievereleaserelieve减轻,除去(痛苦).指暂时的而不是永久地解除.常与of连用.release释放,解除.指从某种束缚或是痛苦中解放出来,常与from连用.e.g.---You’dbetterrelieveyourwifeofherhousework.---Theydecidedtoreleasethebirdfromhiscage.4.pleadingadj.begging.恳求的，请求的pleadvi.恳求；请求--Sheweptandpleadeduntilheagreedtodoasshewished.--Shepleadedformoretimetopay.pleadvt.申诉；为…辩护--Hehadagoodlawyertopleadhiscase.--Hepleadedthathewasnotguilty.Wordfamily:pleadableadj.pleadagainst反驳;劝人不要...pleadwith向...恳求comparison:pleadbegplead普通用语，表示“急切地恳求”。在任何情况下都强调迫切性，更常作为法律用语，指律师或当事人在法庭上的辩护。beg非正式用语，表示“请求，诚意而谦恭的请求”。e.g.---Thedefenseattorneypleadednotguilty.---Hebeggedmetothinkabouthisoffer.5.moanv.makethesoundofpainorgrief;complainannoyingly,esp.inadiscontentedvoice.e.g.---Thesickchildmoanedalittleandthenfellasleep.---Thewindmoanedroundthehouseallnight.---She’salwaysmoaningthatshehastoomuchworktodo.comparison:moan,sigh,sob,groan这几个词作为动词时，可以指由于精神上，生理上的压力或痛苦而发出含糊不清的声音；作为名词时，他们表示这类声音。moan表示由于身心的强烈痛苦而呻吟，呜咽。sigh因为悲伤，懊悔，消沉等原因而不由自主地叹息。sob啜泣，抽噎，呜咽着说。groan表示反对时发出的哼哼声或是物体移动时发出的嘎吱声。e.g.---Hemoanedwithpainbeforelosingconsciousness.---Angelasighedwithdisappointmentwhenshewastoldthatshehadnotgotthejob.---“Icannotfindmymother,”sobbedthechild.---Susanlookedattheuntidyroomandgaveagroanofdismay.6.strokeAforehandtennisstroke.Anystrokeisallowed.Shearrivedonthestrokeofsix.Heissufferedfromastroke.7.surgical.adj.外科(医术)的;外科用的,外科手术的surgicalpathology外科病理学asurgicaloperation外科手术surgeon-physicianinternalmedicine-surgicaldepartment8.preliminarya.comingfirste.g.---Ourteamgotbeateninthepreliminaryroundsofthecompetition.--ThestudentstakeapreliminarytestinMarch,andthemainexaminJuly.9.CAAC(CivilAviationAdministrationofChina)中国民用航空局10.accommodationn.(pl.AmE)lodging,food,andservices;house,flat,hotelroom.膳宿供应，接待，房屋，旅馆房间等。e.g.---Thereisashortageofaccommodation.collection---hotelaccommodation---touristaccommodationsonaboat---thecostofaccommodationwordfamily:accommodatev.给…提供膳宿11.confirmv.givesupportorcertaintyto(afact,statement,belief)e.g.---Theexpressiononherfaceconfirmedourworstfears.---ThePresidentrefusedtoeitherconfirmordenythisrumor.comparison:confirm,prove,testifydemonstrate,verifyconfirm对已知情况进行核实或确认.prove一般用语，表示经过一段时间或经历“证实”某情况的真伪。可以接名词或名词性从句做宾语，也可以和形容词性的不定式短语连用。testify庄严地证实某事的真实性。常用于在法庭上作见证。demonstrate论证，证明。用推理，举例，试验等形式来论证定理，命题等的真实性。verify证实，核实，特意努力证实某件事的真实性。---Ihaveacceptedthejoboverthephone,butIhaven’tconfirmedinwritingyet.---Thereportproved(tobe)false.---Nooneexpectedhimtotestifyagainsthisformeremployer.---Scientistshavedemonstratedthatthere’snolifeonthemoon.---Thereportsarenotsentoutuntiltheyareverified.12.rarea.unusual,uncommon.e.g.---Oneofmyuncle’shobbiesiscollectingrarebook.---It’srareforhimtobelate.wordfamily:rarityn.罕见，珍稀之物，罕见事。rarenessn.稀有性，杰出性。13.integrityn.honesty;trustworthiness,completeness.e.g.---Heisamanofcompleteintegrity.---Mutualrespectforterritoryintegrityisoneofourprinciples.14.ethicn.systemofmoralbehavior.e.g.---Theethicsofjournalismaremuchdebated.---Theethicofsomepeopleinbusinessseemstobetomaximizeprofitanditdoesn’tmatterhow.Wordfamily:ethical-unethical15.urgent16.putthroughacall17.thisisanemergency18.complicated19.havethepatiencetodo…20.itwasagainst…21.takeimmediateactiontodo…22.takedown23.callupsb=callsb(美式英语)24.beoffduty25.companion26.Nomatterhowinconvenienteverythingwas….27.Everythinggoessmoothly.28.withoutdelay/withnodelay29.awomanofadmirableintegrity30.anemployeewithhighworkethics.TheRetireesRole-play1.Thenumberof…hassoared…2.itisestimatedthat…3.oneoutofeveryfive..4.make(further)contributionstowards…5.illustrate6.aretiredintellectual7.dooddsandends8.doone’sshareforsocietyDialogueIIThesentencepatternstotalkaboutdegree