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1NCTERT--ⅡGGENERALEXAMINATIONPAPERFORASMERTLEVELⅡASMERT-Ⅱ级通用试卷Deliveredby:出题人:Filledinbythetrainee:下列各项由参加基础考试人填写：Name:Date:姓名：考试日期：Address:考试地点：Filledinbyevaluator:下列各项由评分人填写：Marks:Name:评分：评分人姓名：Date:评分日期：Drawacircleonacorrectiveanswer:圈出正确的答案：Ⅰ.Physics(2.5%each,total100%)物理1.TheprimaryformofenergyconversionwhenelectronsstrikeatargetinanX-raystuberesultsintheproductionof:X射线管中电子轰击阳极靶时能量转换的主要形式是产生：A.primaryX-rays;B.secondaryX-rays;一次X射线二次X射线C.shortwavelengthX-ray;D.heat.短波长X射线热2.Theabsorptionofradiationbyamaterialvaries:材料对射线的吸引遵循什么规律？A.directlywiththesquareofthedistancefromthesource.与材料离射线源距离的平方成正比；B.directlywiththethicknessofthematerial.与材料厚度成正比；C.inverselywiththeamountofscatteringinthematerial.与材料总散射线量成正比；D.inanapproximatelyexponentialmannerwiththethicknessofthematerial.与材料厚度大致按指数律变化。3.Theradiographicabsorptionofamaterialwilltendtobecomelessdependentuponthecomposition2ofthematerialwhen:在什么情况下，一种材料对射线的吸收，有与材料成分关系不大的趋向？A.thekilovoltageisincreased.管电压提高时；B.thesource-to-filmdistanceisdecreased.焦距缩短时；C.thekilovotageisdecreased.管电压降低时；D.afilterisused.用滤板时。4.Attenuationofgammaraysintheenergyrangecommonlyusedfortestingtakesplacethrough:在探伤常用能量范围内，r射线通过什么过程发生衰减？A.photoelectricabsorption.B.comptonabsorption.光电吸收康普顿吸收C.bothAandBD.neitherAandBA和BA和B都不是5.Radiationparticlesandphotonslosetheirenergyprimarilythroughwhichofthefollowingprocesses?辐射粒子和光电子主要通过哪种过程损失能量？A.Radioactivedecay.B.Ionization.放射性衰减电离C.Atomicabsorption.D.Thermionicemission.原子吸收热离子吸收6.Radiationscatteringincreasesas:在什么情况下，散射线强度会增大？A.theenergyoftheincidentradiationdecreases.入射线能量降低时；B.thesignoftheradiationfieldincreases.照射场尺寸增大时；C.theangleofscatterdecreases.散射角减小时；D.alloftheabove.以上都是7.Thehalf-valuelayerofleadforcobalt-60isapproximately0.5inch(13mm).Iftheradiationlevelonthesourcesideofa1.54inch(39mm)leadplateis80R/hr,theradiationlevelontheoppositesideis:Co-60的铅半值层约13mm，若在39mm厚铅板射源侧表面辐射强度为80R/hr，则铅板背面的辐射强度为：A.8R/hr;B.10R/hr;C.20R/hr;D.40R/hr.8.Bythe200KVX-rayswemean:通常所谓200KVX射线是指：3A.thehomogeneousraysofenergy2MeV.能量为0.2MeV的单能射线；B.theallcompositionsoftheraysofenergyhigherthan0.2MeV.能量高于0.2MeV的所有射线成分；C.the“whiteX-rays”beamofthehighestenergy0.2MeV.最大能量为0.2MeV的“白色”X射线束；D.TheX-raysoftheaverageenergy0.2MeV.平均能量为0.2MeV的X射线束。Ⅱ.Equipment(2marksaquestion,tot.10marks)设备（5题，每题2分，共10分）9.Avoltageselectorconsistingofanironcoretransformerwithasinglewindinghavingaseriousoftapsatvariouspointsonthewindinghavingiscalled:由铁芯变压器组成的电压调节器，仅一个绕组，绕组上有一系列抽头，这种电压调节器称为：A.ahigh-voltagetransformer.B.afilamenttransformer.高压变压器灯丝变压器C.anauto-transformer.D.apowertransformer.自耦变压器电源变压器10.TheinherentfiltrationofanX-raytubeisafunctionof:X射线管的固有滤波值取决于：A.thethicknessandcompositionoftheX-raytubeport.X射线管窗口厚度和成份；B.thevoltagesettingoftheinstrument.仪器的电压调节器；C.thesource-to-objectdistance.射源—工件距离；D.thematerialusedasatarget.靶材11.ThefocalspotinanX-raytube:X射线管的焦点：A.isinclinedatanangleof30°fromthenormaltothetubeaxis.与管轴法线成30°倾角；B.ismaintainedatahighnegativevoltageduringoperations.工作时带负高压；C.shouldbeaslargeaspossibletoensureanarrowbeamofprimaryradiation.应尽量大，以保证主射线成窄束；D.shouldbeassmallaspossiblewithoutundulyshorteningthelifeofthetube.在不影响管子寿命的前提下应尽量小。12.Twoseriousobstaclestohigh-sensitivityfluoroscopyare:提高荧屏检测法灵敏度的两大困难是：A.theinabilitytoreproduceresultsandtheneedforperiodicreplacementofscreens.无法重现结果，需定期更换荧屏；B.thelimitedbrightnessandlargegrainsizeoffluoroscopicscreens.4荧屏亮度有限，晶粒粗大；C.highcostandslowspeed.成本高，速度慢；D.NeedtouselongwavelengthX-raysandthelackofX-rayintensityassociatedwithmethod.要用长波X射线，但X射线强度满足不了要求。13.Ahigh-vacuumenvironmentforX-raytubeelementsisnecessaryforwhichofthefollowing?X射线管需要高真空的原因是：A.Topreventoxidationoftheelectrodematerials.防止电极材料氧化；B.Topreventreadypassageoftheelectronbeamwithoutionizationofgaswithinthetube.使管内气体不被电离，从而使电子束易于通过；C.Toprovideelectricalinsulationbetweentheelectrodes.使电极之间绝缘；D.Alloftheabove.以上都是。Ⅲ.Technique工艺14.Whenradiographingtothe2-2Tqualitylevel,anASMEpenetrameterfor2.5-inchsteelhasathicknessof:透照50mm厚的钢，要求达到2-2T的质量水平，则选用的ASME透度计厚度应为：A.one-halfinchB.0.025inch.1/2英寸0.025英寸C.0.005inch.D.0.050inch.0.005英寸0.050英寸15.Incomparisonwithlower-voltageradiographs,highenergyradiographsshow:用高能射线拍出的射线底片，比低电压射线拍出的底片：A.greatcontrastB.greatlatitude对比度高宽容度大C.greatamountsofscatterradiationrelativetoprimarybeamintensity.散射比大E.noneoftheabove.以上都不是16.FiltersusedattheportoftheX-raytube:X射线管窗口放置滤板的目的是：A.intensifytheX-raybeambycontributingsecondaryradiation.产生二次射线以增强X射线束；B.filtershortwavelengthX-raybeamstoprovide“softer”radiation.滤去波长短的X射线以获得“软”射线；C.providethemostreadilyadjustedmeansofmodifyingX-rayintensity.使X射线强度易于调整；D.filterout“soft”radiationtoprovideamorehomogeneousX-raybeam.滤去“软”射线，以获得较均匀的X射线束。517.Asourceofiridium-192,whosehalf-lifeis75days,providesanoptimumexposureofagiventestobjecttodayinaperiodof20minutes.Fivemonthsfromnow,whatexposuretimewouldberequiredforthesameradiographicdensityundersimilarexposureconditions?Ir192半衰期75天，今用它透照某工件，最佳曝光时间为20min.，5个月后透照同一工件，要获得相同黑度，曝光时间应为：A.10minutesB.20minutes10分钟20分钟C.1hourand20minutesD.6hours1小时20分钟6小时18.Astheeffectiveenergyoftheradiationincreasesu