SIS基础知识-TR

SIS基础知识(安全仪表系统)唐蓉2010-03SIS基础知识提纲概要1.TheInternationalSafetyStandards国际安全标准2.DefinitionofaSafetySystem安全系统的相关概念3.TUV4.Votingarchitectures表决结构5.SISArchitecture安全仪表系统的结构6.FlowchartfordesignofSIF设计流程图7.CASESTUDY---SIL案例学习8.SISProjectFlowSIS项目流程---LifecycleoftheSafetySystem安全系统生命周期9.GuidelinesforSISDesign设计指导1.TheInternationalSafetyStandards国际安全标准•TÜV(1984)DINV19250/VDEV0801(Germany)–Riskclassification1989风险等级1989–Safetysystemrequirements安全系统要求•ANSI/ISAS84.01(USA)1996–Safetyprocedure安全流程–SafetyLifeCycle安全生命周期–SafetyIntegrityLevels(SIL)安全完整性等级IEC61508IEC61511–SafetyLifeCycle–SafetyIntegrityLevel–SafetyInstrumentedFunction–LOPA–Safetyrequirementsspecification********GB/T20438IEC61508&IEC61511IEC61508&IEC61511区别RELATIONSHIPClause1/2IEC61508&IEC61511联系Clause2/22.DefinitionofaSafetySystem安全系统的相关概念SomecommonnamesusedforSafetySystem安全系统的常用名称:–ESDEmergencyShutdownSystem紧急停车系统–SISShutdownInterlock/InstrumentSystem停车联锁/仪表系统–IPSInstrumentProtectiveSystem仪表保护系统–FSSSFlueSafetySingSystem锅炉安全监视系统–FGSFire&GasProtectiveSystem火气保护系统–ITCCIntegratedTurbine&CompressorControl综合透平压缩机控制SIS:Safetyinstrumentedsystem安全仪表系统SIFSafetysystemsaredesignedtorespondtoconditionsoftheplant,whichmaybehazardousinthemselves,orifnoactionweretakencouldeventuallygiverisetoahazard.Theymustgeneratethecorrectoutputstopreventthehazardormitigatetheconsequences.SIS就是针对对工厂可能出现的故障、风险设计的系统,它必须能够迅速、正确的对事故做出响应,最终能够避免事故的发生或者减少事故造成的危害。SISAvoidRisksAndDangersInYourPlantByApplyingSafetySystem运用安全系统以规避工厂中存在的风险和危险高风险低安全Risk高安全低风险SISTwoAppraisementIndexforSafetySystem安全系统的两大评价指标：•Dependability可靠性•Usability可用性LOPA：layersofprotectionanalysis防护层分析WHATISLOPA?1.Asimplifiedformofriskassessment2.ProvideIndependentLayersofProtection(IPLs)3.IPLsareassignedaPfde.g.ControlloopfailurePFD:1.0*10¯¹probabilitytofailondemand石化装置的功能安全防护层LOPA4.AneventlikelihoodiscalculatedbymultiplyinginitiatingcasuelikelihoodbythePFDsoftheIPLs.整个防护层的PFD是各个层的乘积5.Verifiesifsufficientlayersofprotectionarepresent.确认目前的防护层是否足够Cautions注意！ToomanyIPLsmaybedifficulttomanage.IfanIPListakenoutofseviceorby-passed,aprocedureshouldbeinplacetoinsuretheappropriateriskreduction.如果某一独立防护层不再服务或被旁路，那么整个防护风险降低。SIL：Safetyintegritylevel安全完整性等级IEC61511SIF用不同的等级(四个之一)来描述安全仪表系统所具有的安全等级。4是最高级，1是最低级。SafetyIntegrityLevels--ChemicalIndustryAssessment石化行业安全等级的评估“4”-CatastrophicCommunityImpact.灾难性的社会影响“3”-EmployeeandCommunityProtection.人员和社会的保护“2”-MajorPropertyandProductionProtection.Possibleinjurytoemployee.主要财产和生产的保护，对人员存在可能的伤害。“1”-MinorPropertyandProductionProtection.次要财产和生产的保护SIL安全完整性等级CrossReferenceBetweenSILClass&StandardsSIL等级在相应标准之间的对比参考4SILIEC61508SILISAS84.01AKDIN-V19250321-8543-761321-101001,00010,0000.10.010.0010.0001909999.999.99RRFA(s)in%PFDProbabilitytoFailondemand危险可能性AvailabilityforSafetyFunctions安全功能可提供性RiskReductionFactor降低危险因素2TUV3.TUVTUVTüV(TechnischerüberwachungsVerein)是德语“技术监督协会”的缩写Itistheonlyindependentthirdpartyagencyintheworldthatcertifiessafetyinstrumentedsystems(SIS).这是一个独立的第三方的机构，为安全仪表系统（SIS）进行认证。TUVwillcertifyandapprovethelogicsolverfortheappropriateClassofsafetyservice1-7.TUV认证和批准逻辑表决器为适当的安全等级1-7级。TUVhascertifiedmanydifferentvotingarchitecturesinlogicsolverse.g.1oo2,1oo2D,2oo4D,1oo3,2oo3and2oo3D.在逻辑表决方面，TUV认证了很多不同的表决结构，例如：1oo2,1oo2D,2oo4D,1oo3,2oo3and2oo3D输入端XXYYY传感器ICPIOCOPICPIOCOP最终元件输入端PEAPEB1oo21oo2votingarchitecture4.Votingarchitectures表决结构1/3双重冗余系统时间过程变量高压设定点?哪个信号是正确的?1oo2设置=停车双重冗余高安全性低可用性输入端XXYYY传感器ICPIOCOPICPIOCOP最终元件输出端PEAPEB高可用性低安全性2oo22oo2votingarchitectureVotingarchitectures表决结构2/3Votingarchitectures表决结构3/32oo3DvotingarchitectureTMR:TripleModularRedundancy3-2-0时间过程变量高压设定点2oo3=停车好信号坏信号TMR:TripleModularRedundancy三重冗余高可用性高安全性5.SISArchitecture安全仪表系统的结构传感器逻辑演算器执行器35%15%50%系统的失效概率是各组成部件失效概率之和系统的SIL是由各组成部件的SIL共同决定的6.FlowchartfordesignofSIF设计流程图7.CASESTUDY---SIL案例学习InstrumentsafetyfunctionforastoragetankwithAliquifiedhydrocarbonaccordingtoIEC61511&IEC61508ThetargetriskcriteriaSIL1ArchitectureStructure•PossibledesignforSIL1SIL2ArchitectureStructure(1/2)•PossibledesignforSIL2SIL2ArchitectureStructure(2/2)AlternativedesignforSIL2SIL3ArchitectureStructure2oo3D2oo32oo3LT1LT2LT3VALVE2VALVE1VALVE3SIL3scenario8.SISProjectFlowSIS项目流程---LifecycleoftheSafetySystem安全系统生命周期ConceptualProcessDesignPerformProcessHazardAnalysis&RiskAssessmentApplynon-SISprotectionlayerstopreventidentifiedhazardsorreducerisk.SISrequired?DevelopSafetyRequirementsSpecificationYESNOPre-Start-upSafetyReviewAssessmentSISDecommissioningPerformSISDetailDesignConceptualProcessDesignDefinetargetSILModifyDecommissionStartPerformSISConceptualDesign,&VerifyitmeetstheSRSSISinstallation,commissioning,andpre-startupacceptancetest.EstablishOperation&MaintenanceProceduresSISstart-up,operation,maintenance,periodicfunctionaltesting.ModifyorDecommissionSIS?R&DPHADESIGNINSTALLATIONDECOMMISIONINGOPERATION&MAINTENANCESISProjectFlow:1.-过程规划设计2.-危险分析和评估3.-确定非SIS保护层4.-是否需要增加SIS5.-目标SIL确定6.-安全需求说明7.-SIS的规划设计并验证8.-SIS详细设计9.-SIS安装、试车前检验10.-建立操作和维护程序11.-开车前安全评审12.-SIS开车、运行和维护13.-SIS修改14.-SIS拆除9.GuidelinesforSISDesign设计指导Useredundancy(sensors