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©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(/,,,100191)(polyphosphate,polyP),polyP,(strigentresponse),,,,polyP,,,polyP;;;Q42ProgressinFunctionalPolyphosphateinProkaryoticandEukaryoticLivingOrganismsWEIZheng,NIEYan2Hui,LAULok2Ting,LUJie,YUAlbertCheung2Hoi(NeuroscienceResearchInstitu2te,PekingUniversity,DepartmentofNeurobiology,SchoolofBasicMedicalSciences,PekingUniversity,KeyLabforNeuroscience,theMinistryofEducation,andKeyLabforNeuroscience,theMinistryofPublicHealth,Beijing100191,China)AbstractPolyphosphate(polyP)hasbeenwidelyidentifiedinbothinorganicenvironmentandlivingorganisms.ResearchshowsthatpolyPinbacteriaenhancestheirresistancetosevereenvironment,trig2gerstheirprotectiveresponses,increasesbiofilmformationandinvolvesinpredationandbacterialviru2lence.Ineukaryotes,polyPhasbeenfoundtoenhancetheproliferationoffibroblastandmanytumorcelllines,inducethecalcificationofosteoblastandbeinvolvedincalciumionrelease.Basedontheexistinginformation,weattempttodiscussthepossiblefunctionsofpolyPinthenervoussystem.Keywordspolyphosphate;centralnervoussystem;polyphosphatekinase;exopolyphosphatase(polyphosphate,polyP),(Pi)ATP(1),,polyP,1polyP,,polyPATP,,,,,,polyP3(863)(2006AA02Z452)(30270426,30470543,30670644)(7032026,7051004,7091004)7912009403©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(:EC2.7.4.17;EC2.7.4.20;EC2.7.1.23;EC3.6.1.4;EC3.6.1.25),,GenBank,blastp,1(polyPkinase,PPK,EC2.7.4.1)(Esche2richiacoli)PPK1ATP,polyPADPATPPPK2GDPGTPpolyP,PPK,polyP[1](ex2opolyphospha2tase,PPX,EC3.6.1.11)(Saccha2romycescerivisiae)polyP,po2lyP,polyP[2](en2dopolyphosph2atase,PPN,EC3.6.1.10)(Saccha2romycescerivisiae)polyPppn1polyP,polyP,polyP[2]PolyP2AMP2(polyP2AMP2phosphot2ransferase,PAP)(Acinetobacterjohn2sonii)polyP,AMPADPpolyP,ATP,AMP[3]polyPPAP,ATPpolyP,PolyP2(polyphosphateglu2cokinase,PPGK,EC2.7.1.63)(My2cobacteriumtubercu2losis)polyPATP,,62,polyPreverse2phaseHPLC,,non2de2naturingPAGE(Dictyosteliumdiscoideum)DdPPK2,ATPpolyP,(globulartofilamentous,G2to2F)[4],ATP,ATP,,ATP,DdP2PK2,polyP,ATP,(glucokinase)NAD(NADkinase)(mannokinase)(fructokinase),polyPATP,polyP/ATP2(polyP/ATP2glucomanno2kinase),polyP/ATP2NADppnk,NAD,polyP,NADNADPpolyP,,,(Leishmaniaamazonen2sis)LaVSP1,polyP,polyP,,,polyP8912009403©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[5]PolyP()PolyP,,()(AD)(PD)Kumble(1995),polyPpolyP,ATPppk,ATPPPK,ATPpolyPpolyP,,polyPpolyP,polyP[6],polyP()PolyPPolyP,Archibald(1982)(Lactobacillusplanta2rum)Mn2+polyP,SOD,,,AD(ALS)PD,,,,,SOD,,polyP,()PolyP,,,pH,,polyP(Dunaliellasalina)polyP(1mol/LPi),,polyP,,pHpolyPPi,polyP,(Trypano2somacruzi),,TcPPX[5],polyP,VR2OAC,VR2OAC,,,,polyP()PolyPCa2+,DNA(PHB)Ca2+polyP(PHB2Ca2+2polyPcomplex)PHBCa2+polyP,(Haemophilusinfluenzae)polyP[7]P5polyPPHBPPX,,,,polyPpolyP,,,9912009403©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.()PolyPPAO1ppk1PAOM5,,P1ppk12ppx[8],,,P1,,,,polyP,?()PolyP,,polyP,[9]ppk,,mRNA,,ppkppk(readthroughfrequency)polyP[10],,MTHFR,,ADPDpolyP,polyP()PolyPPolyP(stringentresponse)RpoS(,,100),PPX,RpoS,,polyP,polyPLon,[11],,DNA,PolyP,ppkppx()[12][13],(),[12,13],[14]polyP,(Corynebacteriumglutamicum)polyP,[15],polyP;polyP,,polyP,polyP,polyP,12,50%polyPpolyP,polyP,PPX,polyP()PolyP90polyPPPKpolyPATPPPXpolyPPi,ATPPipolyPKumble(1995)polyP,25120,50800,PolyPDHL260,polyPpolyP[16],,0022009403©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(),,ppx1MCF27[17],mTOR,,polyP,polyP[18][19],polyP,PPKPPX,,,polyPV,TFPI,TAFI,polyP[20],polyP,,polyP,,polyP,,,,polyP,polyP,,polyP,polyP,,,,polyP,polyP,PolyP,1Gmez2GarcaMR,ZhangHY,RaoNN,etal.InorganicpolyphosphateinDictyosteliumdiscoideum.FASEBJ,2006,20:A900.2LichkoLP,KulakovskayaTV,KulaevIS.Inorganicpolypho2sphateandexopolyphosphataseinthenucleiofSaccharomy2cescerevisiae:dependenceonthegrowthphaseandinactiva2tionofthePPX1andPPN1genes.Yeast,2006,23:735740.3ItohH,KawazoeY,ShibaT.Enhancementofproteinsyn2thesisbyaninorganicpolyphosphateinanE.colicell2freesystem.JMicrobiolMethods,2006,64:241249.4Gmez2GarcaMR,KornbergA.Formationofanactin2likefilamentconcurrentwiththeenzymaticsynthesisofinorganicpolyphosphate.ProcNatlAcadSci,2004,101:1587615880.5FangJM,RuizFA,DocampoM,etal.OverexpressionofaZn2+2sensitivesolubleexopolyphosphatasefromTrypanosomacruzidepletespolyphosphateandaffectsosmoregulation.JBiolChem,2007,282:3250132510.6PestovNA,KulakovskayaTV,KulaevIS.Inorganicpolypho2sphateinmitochondriaofSaccharomycescerevisiaeatphos2phatelimitationandphosphateexcess.FEMSYeastRes,2004,4:643648.7ZakharianE,ReuschRN.HaemophilusinfluenzaeoutermembraneproteinP5isassociatedwithinorganicpolyphos2phateandpolyhydroxybutyrate.BiophysJ,2007,92:588593.8LiL,RaoNN,KornbergA.Inorganicpolyphosphateessen2tialforlyticgrowthofphagesP1andfd.ProcNatlAcadSci,2007,104:17941799.9McInerneyP,MizutaniT,ShibaT.Inorganicpoly