1主谓一致讲解和训练谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。一、“三个一致”原则1.语法一致的原则(1)以单数名词或代词,动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数,例如:Hegoestoschoolearlyeverymorning.Thechildrenareplayingoutside.Toworkhardisnecessaryforastudent.(2)由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:BothheandIareright.Mr.BlackandMrs.BlackhaveasoncalledTom.但并列主语如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。例如:Histeacherandfriendisabeautifulgirl.Thepoetandwriterhascome.(3)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each,every修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhastherighttoreceiveeducation.Eachmanandeachwomanisaskedtohelp.(4)主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有but,except,besides,with等介词短语,谓语动词仍用单数。例如:Theteacherwithhisstudentsisgoingtovisitthemuseum.Nobodybuttwoboyswaslateforclass.Breadandbutterisadailyfoodinthewest.(5)一些只有复数形式的名词,如people,police,cattle,clothes等作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。例如:Alotofpeoplearedancingoutside.Thepolicearelookingforlostboy.(6)由each,some,any,no,every构成的复合代词作主语时,谓语动词都用单数。例如:Iseverybodyready?Somebodyisusingthephone.(7)有两部分构成的物体的名词,如glasses,shoes,trousers,chopsticks,scissors等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:Wherearemyshoes?Ican’tfindthem.Yourtrousersaredirty.You’dbetterchangethem.如果这类名词前用了apairof等,则往往用作单数,谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如:2Herearesomenewpairsofshoes.Mynewpairofsocksisonthebed.2.意义一致的原则(1)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。例如:Twentyyearsisnotalongtime.Tendollarsistoodear.(2)有些集合名词,如family,team等作主语时,如作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数;如指其中每个成员,则用复数。例如:Myfamilyisbigone.MyfamilyarewatchingTV.(3)不定代词由all,most,more,some,any,none作主语时,也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词,谓语动词用复数;如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。例如:Alloftheworkhasbeenfinished.Allofthepeoplehavegone.(4)疑问代词作主语时,其谓语动词也有两种情况:主语表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数;主语表示单数意义,则谓语动词用单数。例如:Whoisyourbrother?WhoareLeaguemembers?(5)“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时,其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数,谓语动词用复数:名词是单数,谓语动词用单数。例如:Itissaidthat35percentofthedoctorsarewomen.Three–fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.(6)half,therest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时,如果所指为复数意义,动词用复数;如果所指为单数意义,动词用单数。例如:Ihavereadalargepartofthebook,therestismoredifficult.Onlytenstudentsattendedtheclassbecausealltherestwereoffsick.(7)由what引导地主于从句作主语时,通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:Whatshesaidiscorrect.Whatsheleftmeareafewoldbooks.(8)凡是以“定冠词+形容词(或分词)”作主语,往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人,谓语动词用复数;如果指的是一个人或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:Thesickhavebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.Thedeadisafamousperson.3.邻近一致(就近一致)的原则3(1)由连词or,either……or,neither……nor,notonly…butalso,等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,则谓语动词按就近一致原则,与最靠近它的主语一致。例如:EitheryouorIamright.Neitherthechildrennortheteacherknowsanythingaboutit.(2)在“Therebe”句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。Therearetwoapplesandoneegginit.(3)aswellas和名词连用时,谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。HeaswellasIisresponsibleforit.不但是我,他对这件事也有责任。(4)以here开头的句子,其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。Hereisaletterandsomebooksforyou.二、主谓一致常考情况1.单数名词(代词),不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式;复数名词(代词)作主语,谓语用复数形式。Thedesk________(is/are)Tom’s.这张桌子是汤姆的。Somewater________(is/are)inthebottle.一些水在瓶子里。Thestudents________(is/are)playingfootballontheplayground.这些学生正在操场上踢足球。2.morethanone+单数名词作主语,谓语用单数。Morethanonestudent________(has/have)everbeentoBeijing.不止一个学生曾经去过北京。3.表示时间,价格,重量,数目,长度,数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,这些通常作一个整体概念,谓语用单数形式。Twomonths________(is/are)alongholiday.两个月是一个长假。Twentypounds________(is/are)notsoheavy.20磅并不太重。Tenmiles________(is/are)notalongdistance.10英里并不是一段很长的距离。Fiveminusfour________(is/are)one.5减4等于1。4.主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时,谓语动词用单数。Eachboyandeachgirl________(has/have)gotaseat.每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。Everymanandeverywoman________(is/are)atwork.每个男人和女人都在工作。5.oneandahalf+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。Oneandahalfhours________(is/are)enough.一个半小时足够了。6.动词不定式,动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。Tosee________(is/are)tobelieve.眼见为实。Doingeyeexercises________(is/are)goodforyoureyes.做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。7.a/an+单数名词+ortwo作主语,谓语动词用单数。4Astudentortwo________(like/likes)tolistentothisnewteacher’sclass.一两个学生喜欢听这位新老师的课。8.当主语部分(主语是单数时)含有with,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas,besides,except,but,like等介词或介词短语时,谓语动词用单数形式;但“名词+aswellas+名词”时,谓语动词一般应与第一个名词一致。Mikewithhisfather________(has/have)beentoEngland.迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。Mike,likehisbrother,________(enjoy/enjoys)playingfootball.迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。Thestudentsaswellastheteacher________(was/were)presentatthemeeting.开会的时候,学生们和老师都在场。9.由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时,一般用复数形式,但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人,事物,或概念时,谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下:a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词,指的是同一个人或物;a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词,指两个人或物。Thewriterandteacher________(is/are)coming.那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)Thewriterandtheteacher________(is/are)coming.作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)Aknifeandfork________(is/are)onthetable.桌子上放着一副刀叉。10.people,police等集体名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语,若指一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式,若指一个一个的具体成员时,谓语动词复数形式。Peoplehere________(is/are)veryfriendly.这儿的人很友好。Hisfamily________(is/are)notlarge.他家的人不多。Myfamilyall________(like/likes)watchingTV.我们一家人都喜欢看电视。11.不定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,nobody,everything,noone,nothing作主语,谓语动词用单数。________(Is/Are)everyoneheretoday?今天大家到齐了吗?Something________(is/are)wrongwithhim.他有毛病。Nobody________(was/were)in.没有人在家。12.each,either,neither,another,theother作主语,谓语动词用单数。Eachofthem________(has/have)anEnglishdictionary.他们每人都有一本英语词典。Neitheranswer________(is/are)co