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1讲义5：介词一．介词的概念:介词（虚词），不能在句子中独立充当成分。它总是用于名词、代词、或相当于名词的其它词类或短语活从句前。中考需要掌握的11个介词：in、on、at、to、from、by、with、for、about、after、before表示时间的介词。二．介词的功能：1、作定语：Thebookonthetableismine.2、作状语：Wehavebreakfastatseven.（表时间）；Theywerelateformeetingbecauseoftheheavyrain.（表原因）；Theystartedthemachinebypressingthebutton.（表方法）3、作表语：Mydictionaryisinthebag.4、作宾语补足语：Ifoundhimintheoffice.三．介词基本用法1．表示时间的介词in表示年、季节、月份、周，或泛指上午、下午或晚上；on表示某一天，某一天的上午、下午或晚上；at表示某一时刻或时间上的某一点。at表示具体“钟点”时间atseveno'clockathalfpasttwoon主要用于具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上，还用于具有某种特征的一天。onMondayonAugust8th,2008onthenightofNationalDayonarainyeveningin用于世纪、年、季节、月inthe21stcentury/in2010/inspring/inJanuary固定用法inthemorning/afternoon/eveningAtnoon;atnightatnoon/night/midnight2．表示方位的介词on意为“在……的上面”；over意为“在……（垂直）的正上方”；above意为“在……（不一定垂直）的上方”；under意为“在……（垂直的）正下方”；below意为“在……2（不一定垂直）的下方”；near意为“在……附近”；nextto意为“紧挨着……”；round/around意为“在……周围”；by意为“在……旁边”；表示两者的位置关系时in表示“在同一区域内或同一范围内”；on表示“接壤；相邻”；to表示“相离；相隔”，两者不属同一范围，也不接壤。介词意义例句on在……上Hisbookisonthedesk.under在……下Thefootballisunderthechair.in在……里Thereisapencilcaseintheschoolbag.infrontof在……前Thereisatreeinfrontofthehouse.behind在……后Heisstandingbehindme.beside在……旁边Tomissittingbesidethewindow.3．表示延续时间的介词by意为“在……之前；不迟于……”；for意为“历时……之久；持续……”；in意为“在……以后；在……时间内”；since意为“自从……以来；自……以后”；until用于否定句中，意为“直到……才”，其前的谓语动词多为非延续性动词，用在肯定句中，意为“直到……为止”，其前谓语动词须用延续性动词。如：他已经当老师9年了。Hehasbeenateacher________nineyears.我已经在这儿住了10年了。Ihavelivedhere________tenyearsago.他十分钟之后将会回来。Hewillbeback________tenminutes.知道五月，我们才会看到一些花。Wedon’tseeanyflowers________May.你必须得在这里站到太阳落下去为止。Youmuststandhere________thesunsets.我明天早晨八点前必须得到校。Imustbeatschool________eighttomorrowmorning.你能在五分钟之内干完这些工作吗？Canyoufinishyourwork_______fiveminutes?4．表示方式的介词介词用来表交通，常把by,in,on来用；限定、复数用in/on，by要直通海陆空；骑马、骑车惯用on，小轿车前in才通。3【注意】a.by+交通工具，意为“乘坐……”。如：海：beship/boat/sea陆：bybus/car/train/bike/taxi空：byair/plane/spaceshipb.on/in+限定词+交通工具，意为“乘坐……”。如：Hegoestoworkonthebike/inhiscar.他骑自行车/开车去上班。onfoot为固定短语，意为“步行”。5.表示运动方向的介词across意为“从……表面横过或穿过”，或沿某一条线的方向而进行的动作；through意为“从……内部穿过”，past和by表示“从旁边经过或路过”。如：Pleasebecarefulwhenyougo______thestreet.当你穿过马路时请小心。Theywalked_______theforestyesterday.昨天他们穿过森林。Weoftengo_______abakeryonourwaytoschool.我们在去学校的路上经常经过面包店。课后练习:1.Hekepthishead_____waterwhenhebegantolearnswimming,butheraisedhisheadnowandthenA.overB.belowC.aboveD.up2.Anothergrandbridgewillbebuilt_____thePearlRiverinourcity.A.alongB.upC.onD.across3.I'llleaveBeijingforGuangzhou____aweek,whilemybrotherwillleaveGuangzhouforBeijing____ourNationalDay.A.in,inB.after,inC.after,afterD.in,after4.Thehugepicturelooksmorebeautiful_____thebluesky.A.againstB.toC.overD.under5.Theclimateheredoesn'tagree_____her.A.toB.onC.withD.at46.2.StandardtimeinBeijingiseighthours____GreenwichMeanTime(GMT格林威治标准时间).A.afterB.frontC.aheadofD.forward7.---Canyoutellmewhat’syouraim,LiPing?---Iamaiming____afamousphysicist.A.atB.forC.inD.to8.Pass____thebus,everyone.theconductorshoutedpolitely.A.onB.intoC.toD.along9.Iwasangry_____missingtheKungfufilmwithChengLongashero.A.atB.withC.forD.on10.Wewereanxious_____newsofyoursafearrival.A.toB.ofC.forD.at11.Tomwasarguing_____thepaymentofthebill_____John.A.about;onB.over;withC.on;onD.with;with12.Theywereastonished_____thenewsofhisescapefromprison.A.forB.inC.atD.to13.Hewasabsorbed____abookanddidn’thearyourrepeatedcall.A.toB.inC.withD.at14.---Areyoufamiliarwiththebankoverthere?---Onlyalittle,Ihaveanaccount____it.A.inB.withC.toD.of15.Thedoctorbent_____theboyandcheckedhiswound.A.upB.onC.aboveD.over16.Maryansweredallthequestions_____thelastone,whichshehadneverheardofbefore.A.besidesB.exceptC.apartfromD.exceptfor17.Hunanlies_____suchprovincesasHubei,Jiangxi,Guangdong,GuizhouandChongqin.A.amongB.aboveC.besideD.between18.Thedyingmanis_____thehelpofthedoctor.5A.outsideB.withoutC.outofD.beyond19.Idon’tknowwhyheblamedtheaccident_____me.A.atB.toC.forD.on20.Thehorseisblind_____thelefteye.A.toB.inC.forD.on21.Heisverystrictwithothers,butheisalwaysblind_____hisownshortcomings.A.forB.toC.withD.in22.Wewillneverforgetthishistoricallessonwritten_____blood.A.byB.withC.ofD.in23.Itissaidthatabridgeisbeingbuilt_____theriver.A.underB.toC.overD.at24.---Howdidyougotoworkyesterday?---Iwenttowork_____myfriend’sprivatecar.A.byB.inC.onD.at25.Thetrainleavesat6:00p.m.,soIhavetobeatthestation____5:40p.m.attheleast.A.untilB.afterC.byD.around26.Icalled_____youlastnight,butyouwereout.A.withB.onC.atD.in27.Youshouldwritethefirstletterofthesentence_____capitalone.A.onB.withC.inD.at28.Heistoocareful_____hismoney;heneverbuysadrinkforus.A.toB.atC.forD.with29.Canyousay_____certainwhenhewillcomehere?A.atB.forC.withD.in30.Morethan20yearsagohewasbadlywoundedintheanti-Vietnamwar.Sincethenhecanonlywalk_____anarm-chair.A.inB.onC.byD.over31.Einsteindidn’tcareformoney.Onceheusedacheck_____$1000asabookmarkandthenhelostit.6A.forB.ofC.aboutD.to32.WhentheChinesedelegationarrivedatViennaairport,theywerereceived_____cheers.A.inB.forC.onD.with33.Thelittleboyisveryclever_____everysubject.A.atB.inC.aboutD.on34.Herclothesareverybright_____colour.A.ofB.inC.onD.with35.Don’tsit_____thecornerofthed