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UnitFourTranslationofSubjectI.AcomparativeStudyofChineseandEnglishSubject英语主语主要分七大类：1．施动主语（agentivesubject）:Susanisgrowingflowers.2．受动主语(affectedsubject):Herbookstranslatewell.3．工具主语(instrumentalsubject):Astonebroketheglass.4．地点主语(locativesubject):Thejarcontainshoney.5．时间主语(temporalsubject):YesterdaywasMonday.6．事件主语(eventivesubject):Thedisputeovertheproblemlastedadecade.7．“it”做主语，表时间、气候或距离：It’sverylate.It’sveryhotinsummerhere.It’sonlyhalfanhour’swalkfromheretothemuseum.II.TheTranslationofSubject1．原文的形容词性成分取为译文的主语Eg1.我的头疼得要命。⑴Myheadachesbadly.⑵Myheadiskillingme.⑶Ihaveaterribleheadache.Eg2.中国的人均农业土地面积比不上世界上其它许多国家。⑴China’spercapitaagriculturallandcannotcomparewiththatofmanyothercountriesintheworld.⑵Initsamountofagriculturallandpercapita,Chinacomparesunfavorablywithmanyothercountries.⑶Chinacomparesunfavorablywithmanyothercountriesintermsofpercapitaagriculturalland.2．原文的名词性成分取为译文的主语Eg1.一个星期前我遇到了一件不可思议的事情。⑴Ihadthemostincredibleexperienceaweekago.⑵Ihadthemostinconceivableencounteraweekago.⑶Themostunbelievablethinghappenedtomeaweekago.Eg2.一个企业的前途怎样，在很大程度上要看它的经营管理人员，尤其是市场管理人员的素质。⑴Thefuturesuccessofanenterprisedependsheavilyuponitsmanagingexecutives,esp.thosewithmarketingresponsibilities.⑵Thequalityofthemanagement,esp.ofthemarketingexecutives,largelydeterminesthefutureofanenterprise.⑶Thequalityofmanagingexecutives,esp.thosewithmarketingresponsibilities,goesalongwayindeterminingthefutureofanenterprise.3．原文的副词性成分取为译文的主语Eg1.已经有数千人在持续了一年的内战中丧生。⑴Thousandsofpeoplehavediedinthecivilwar,whichbrokeoutayearago.⑵Thecivilwar,whichhasbeengoingonforayear,hasclaimedthousandsoflives.⑶Thedeathtollofthecivilwar,whichbrokeoutayearago,hasamountedtoseveralthousand.Eg2.通过进一步研究，科学家们推测存在着一种迄今尚未人所知的粒子。⑴Afterfurtherinvestigationscientistsconjecturedtheexistenceofahithertounknownparticle.⑵Furtherinvestigationledthescientiststoconjectureabouttheexistenceofapreviouslyunknownparticle.⑶Furtherresearchbyscientistspointedtothepossibleexistenceofapreviouslyunknownparticle.Eg3.在刚刚结束的中国十运会上，辽宁女子田径队有出色表现。⑴TheLiaoningwomen’strackandfieldteamputonanexcellentperformanceatChina’sjust-completedTenthNationalGames.⑵China’sjust-completedTenthNationalGamessawtheoutstandingperformancebythewomen’strackandfieldteamfromLiaoning.4．原文的动词性成分取为译文的主语Eg1昨天他们表演得很成功，引起了媒体的广泛关注。Theirhighlysuccessfulperformanceyesterdayhasattractedwidemediaattention.Eg2.必须强调我国某些高级政府官员贪污腐败的严重性。⑴Wemustputgreatemphasisontheseriousnessofcorruptionandembezzlementamongsomehigh-rankingofficialsinChina.⑵SpecialemphasismustbeplacedonthegravityofcorruptionandgraftamongsomehighofficialsinChina.5．添加主语Eg1缘木求鱼，虽不得鱼，无后灾。⑴Ifyouclimbatreetoseekforfish,althoughyoudonotgetanyfish,youwillsuffernosubsequentcalamity.⑵Byclimbingatreeinsearchoffish,onewillnotcometoharmeventhoughonecannotgetanyfish.Eg2.我公司根本不需要象他这样无知狂妄的人。⑴Ourcompanyhasabsolutelynouseforanignorantandpresumptuousmanlikehim.⑵Someoneasshallowandconceitedashimisthelastpersonourcompanywants.⑶Shallowandconceited,heisthelastpersonourcompanywants.⑷Thelastthingourcompanyneedsissomeoneasignorantandself-importantashim.•Homework翻译以下句子，至少给出三种不同的选择主语的方法：1．世界恐怕从未面临过象臭氧层破坏和温室效应这么严重的污染威胁。2．对太阳黑子的长期研究表明，它们的数目约以十一年为周期发生急剧的变化3．中国自七十年代末实行改革开放以来，服务行业平均每年以10.9%的幅度增长。•Key1(1)TheWorldhasprobablyneverfacedpollutionthreatsasseriousasdestructionofozonelayerandglobalwarming.(2)Probablynopollutionthreatstheworldhaseverfacedbeforeisnearlyasseriousasozonedepletionandthegreenhouseeffect.(3)Ozonedepletionandglobalwarmingareprobablythemostseriouspollutionthreatstheworldhaseverfaced.2(1)Long-termstudiesofsunspotsshowthattheirnumbersvaryquitedramaticallyoveracycleofaboutelevenyears.•(2)Accordingtolong-termresearch,thenumberofsunspotschangerapidlyonacycleofaboutelevenyears.•(3)Accordingtolong-termresearch,sunspotsvarygreatlyinnumberoveracycleofaboutelevenyears.•(4)Acycleofaboutelevenyearsduringwhichthenumberofsunspotsundergoesdramaticchangeshasbeenrevealedbylong-termresearch.3(1)Sincetheintroductionofthereformandopen-doorpolicyinthelate1970s,China’sservicesectorhasgrownatanaveragerateof10.9%perannum.(2)Sincetheintroductionofthereformandopen-doorpolicyinthelate1970s,Chinahasenjoyedanaverageannualgrowthrateof10.9%initsservicesector.(3)Thereformandopen-doorpolicy,introducedinthelate1970s,hasgivenChina’sservicesectoranaverageannualgrowthrateof10.9%.(4)Theintroductionofthereformandopen-doorpolicyinthelate1970shasgivenChina’sservicesectoranaverageannualgrowthrateof10.9%.(5)Anaverageannualgrowthrateof10.9%hasbeenachievedinChina’sservicesectorsincetheintroductionofthereformandopen-doorpolicyinthelate1970s（补充：）III.ImpersonalSubjectSentenceinEnglishvs.SubjectlessSentenceinChinese试用英语非人称主语句翻译下列各句：1.食品工业也引进了新技术，用于食品的储藏，加工，保鲜和分配，减少了收获后的损失。译文1)Theyhavealsointroducednewtechnologiesforfoodstorage,processing,anddistribution,whichhasreducedpost-harvestlosses.译文2)…2.我们在分析破损材料时，通常需要先做直观判断，再做实际试验。译文1)Whenwearedoingananalysisofadamagedmaterial,usuallyitrequiresintuitivejudgmentfollowedbyreal-lifetesting.译文2)…3.即使我们将普通食盐溶于水，也不能改变其化学性质。译文1)Eventhoughwedissolvethesaltinwater,wecannotenablecommonsalttochangeitsche