废食用油脂作生物柴油原料的可行性分析

72Vol.7,No.220062TechniquesandEquipmentforEnvironmentalPollutionControlFeb.20063(,200092),X705A100829241(2006)0220009207FeasibilityanalysisofwasteoilsandfatsasbiodieselfeedstockLuFanHePinjingShaoLiming(StateKeyLaboratoryofPollutionControlandResourcesReuse,TongjiUniversity,Shanghai200092)AbstractThegeneration,collectionandtreatmentofwasteoilsandfats(WOF)wereoverviewedinthisarticle.BasedonthephysiochemicalcharacteristicsofWOF,thefeasibilityofWOFaspotentialbiodieselfeed2stockwasanalyzed,includingthefeaturesofmanufacturingprocess,thequalityofWOForiginatedbiodiesel,andtheapplicationrequirementofthebiodiesel,aswellasthecost2efficiency.Keywordswasteoilsandfats;biodiesel;fattyacids;transesterification;feasibilityanalysis:863(2004AA60109023,2002AA601012202):2004-11-30;:2005-03-14:(1979),,,,3,E2mail:[e-mail]11.1()([13]),,(),(),3:,;(),;,,,1,,,,;2,,,20001700t(45.4kg/a,75%),40t(1.38kg/a,1)[4]20001200t(9.4kg/a),210t(1.64kg/a)[5],1kg0.175kg1.22,(),(14%)(26%50%),,(n23),7[1],,204560,0.002%/d,0.017%/d0.083%/d6060d3%8%[6]12000Table1Consumptionofvegetableoilsandanimalfats(kg/capitaa)[6](kg/a)37.480.53442.137.938.637.850.835.915.8(kg/a)4.6230.92.44.63.32.33.51.521.2(kg/a)1.615.2a)0.31.31.40.40.20.71.73.24.7:a)(80%)2Table2Physiochemicalcompositionofwasteoilsandfats[4][4][4][4][6]a)[2]b)(%)0.782.641.97.42.65.84(mgKOH/g)c)140[7]149[7]15.54[7]14(%)0.252.25150.31.810.126.98[8](%)d)C214(0)0.462.770.921.400.064.004.4000.1C214(1)00.080.670.75C215(0)00.310.310.470.61C216(0)5.8210.284.614.58.223.9202523.5819.5028.6118.1026.3927.208.014.0C216(1)0.250.410.02.40.30.72.431.111.580.713.263.3700.2C217(0)00.130.571.723.3900.1C218(0)2.164.751.45.92.45.67919.476.867.207.1712.3716.31.04.5C218(1)47.7458.9052.965.848.060.4455139.8242.9749.0336.0039.442.4535.067.0C218(2)19.1529.4315.420.716.420.015194.5218.1120.3238.942.766.913.043.0C218(3)4.358.764.18.82.58.20.40.70.6902.510.090.1500.3C220(0)0.481.250.61.00.00.400.260.2300.021.02.0C220(1)0.401.300.42.300.60.340.600.3100.820.71.7C222(0)0.160.560.3600.31.54.5C222(1)0.00.200.4300.31.725.000.040.480.1103.0(%)8.7316.036.621.410.630.2293645.8228.7032.0226.4448.3750.41(%)49.2159.7753.570.548.071.0455342.2544.9750.8537.0244.5246.63(%)25.6534.0119.529.518.928.214215.2117.9520.6238.942.916.99(g/100g)9610799118608086107(meq/kg)0.1816.2[7,8]9.6[7]14.3[7]1220a);b)(GB271621988)(GB153422003);c)1mgKOH/g0.1%;d):C2n(m),n,m012:1.3111,1,,,1,50%2(),,,,,,,,1.4,,80%1999,,(Decision91/516/EEC),Decision2000/285/EC[4]:,(HazardAnalysisCriticalControlPoint,HACCP)(TraceabilitySystem),()()De2cision2003/320/ECDecision2004/217/EC2004325,,([2002]99),([1999]164)([2005]45)([2001]198)([2004]1),,,,[4],,,22.1(),,,,;150,52,;,,,,,CO2,;,;,[911][12],(Directive2003/30/EC),2.2,(20049US0.60/kg),(US01875/kg)(US0.59/kg),,,,,33.1117(,3mol1mol),,,,(1)[9,10]NaOHKOH,[13]1Fig.1Transesterificationoftriglycerideswithmethanoltoproducefattyacidmethylesters3.22,,,:,,2,2,,,2(),,85%,9%15%,0.5%,1L80mL[4,6,14]3.3,,2Fig.2Alkali2catalyzedprocesstoproducebiodieselfromwasteoilsandfats,Dorado[15]314060,30min,[16],,,,0.5%,[17]Do2rado[15],3%,(2)Lepper[18],(0.5%),;:70,400kPa,=61Canakci[19]2,12%40%1%:170180kPa,80,400r/min,240min97%[17],,,(501[17]),,[17],212:44.1,BD100(100%),,,,Vitonm-10,,,,µetinkaya[20]2,3%5%;,;,,,,;,,,BD100[4,6,21],2310%29.0%89.5%[21];,CO2,,,,,CONOxVOCPM47104%5103%49.77%38.64%,NOx,4.90%6.23%Canakci[22],2,11%13%,4.2DINEN14214(2003.02)ASTMD6751(2002.01)3,,,(CFPP),;,,[4]1%,CFPP1[6],CFPP,2:,,()[7],BD100BD40BD20,CFPP50-8,Gmez[23],0-1(0.1/min),1524h,1.5%6%CFPP24,5,(39.8841.66MJ/kg),(190195,26%)4.31997US0.87/kgUS0.75/kg,47.8%39.4%[6]20043014%143.5%182.6%339.6%,56.7%[21],,,2003144288/t,(75360/t,100/t;072/t)[4],3173Table3Thequalityofbiodieselmadefromwasteoilsandfats[4](1997)[4](2000)[4,7][7]0a)DINEN14214ASTMD6751(15)(g/mL)0.8780.8770.8830.8750.8800.820.860.860.900.88(40)(mm2/s)5.117.18.84.996.213.08.03.55.01.96.0()12555120130(CFPP)()-6-14012144-155-(%)0.030.090.160.30.300.50(%)0.0080.0070.0120.0010.0080.0010.0550.8495147(mg/kg)700300110014004001500500500(mg/kg)15.7420(mgKOH/g)0.350.230.790.0610.510.50.8(%)0.150.10.040.0500.0090.2-(%)0.210.010.250.8-(%)0.120.040.2-(%)0.2-(%)0.004500.020.020.02(%)0.0720.010.1220.240.170.490.250.24(%)10196.211752.356.4120(mg/kg)710(Na+K)(mg/kg)5:a)(GB/T1914722003)5,,,,,(),,;(),,,,,,;,,,,,(),[1]LiM.,KeenerK.M.,FarkasB.E.FryingoilstudiedbyhighresolutionNMR1Hand13Cspectra.2003ASAEAn2nualMeeting,Papernumber036096,2003[2],,,.GC2MS.,2004,23(4):811[3],,,.GC/MS.,2004,25(4):128134412:[4]Teagasc.Wasteoilsandfatsasbiodieselfeedstocks:Anas2sessmentoftheirpotentialintheEU,ALTENERProgramNTB2NETTPhaseIV,Task4FinalReport.Ireland,2000[5],..,2003,(11):4547[6]Teagasc.Bio2dieselproductionbasedonwastecookingoil:PromotionoftheestablishmentofanindustryinIreland.Ireland,1997[7],,,..,2003,24(8):2729[8],,,.4.,2002,18(5):613[9]ChouJ.,McLeodD.,PozarM.,etal.UBCbiodieselini2tiative:Helpingcommunitiestohelptheirfuture.UBCSeedsDevelopmentStudies,Canada,2003[10]..,2003,24(1):1416[11],..,2003,(3):3536[12]GuzmanD1Global