Earth_Science练习题

Chapter2CompositionoftheEarth（Questionofmineralandrocks）1.Whichofthefollowingisarequiredcharacteristicofminerals?EA)Inorganicsolid.B)Naturallyformed.C)Distinctchemicalformula.D)Orderedarrangementofatoms.E)Alloftheabove.2.Whatarethetwomostcommonelementsintheearth'scrust?DA)CarbonandnitrogenB)HydrogenandheliumC)IronandnickelD)Siliconandoxygen3.WhatkindofasilicatemineralisHornblende(anamphibole)?CA)Orthosilicate(singletetrahedra).B)Singlechainsilicate.C)Doublechainsilicate.D)Sheetsilicate.E)Frameworksilicate(three-dimensionalnetworks).4.WhatkindofasilicatemineralisMuscovite(amica)?DA)Orthosilicate(singletetrahedra).B)Singlechainsilicate.C)Doublechainsilicate.D)Sheetsilicate.E)Frameworksilicate(three-dimensionalnetworks).5.Whichofthefollowingisnotasilicatemineral?BA)Augite.B)Calcite.C)Kaolinite.D)Olivine.E)Quartz.6.Whatmineralfamilydoesgypsumbelongto?EA)Carbonates.B)Halides.C)Oxides.D)Silicates.E)Sulfates.7.Whatisanotherpolymorphofthemineraldiamond?BA)Calcite.B)Graphite.C)HaliteD)Orthoclase.E)Quartz.8)WhichofthefollowingmineralsislowestonMohshardnessscale?DA)Calcite.B)Diamond.C)Quartz.D)Talc.E)Topaz.9)Whatisarockwithmineralgrainstoosmalltoseewiththeunaidedeyecalled?AA)Aphanitic.B)Glass.C)Phaneritic.D)Porphyritic.E)Tuff.10)Whichrockisthefine-grainedequivalentofgranite(samecompositionbutaphanitic)?EA)Andesite.B)Basalt.C)Komatiite.D)Obsidian.E)Rhyolite.11)Whichofthefollowingrockscontainsthemostquartz(thelowesttemperaturemineralonBowen'sReactionSeries)?EA)Andesite.B)Basalt.C)Komatiite.D)Obsidian.E)Rhyolite.12)Whichigneousrockiscomposedofunusuallylargecrystals?A)Granite.B)Pegmatite.结晶花岗岩C)Volcanicbreccia.火山角砾岩D)Weldedtuff.熔结凝灰岩E)Xenolith.捕虏岩13)Whatisthemostabundanttypeofsedimentaryrock?EA)Conglomerate.B)Evaporites.C)Limestone.D)Sandstone.E)Shale.14)Whichsedimentaryrocktendstobefissile?EA)Conglomerate.B)Evaporites.C)Limestone.D)Sandstone.E)Shale.15)Whichsedimentaryrockisusuallycomposedofmostlyquartz?DA)Conglomerate.B)Evaporites.C)Limestone.D)Sandstone.E)Shale.16)Whichsedimentaryrockismadeofcalcite?CA)Conglomerate.B)Evaporites.C)Limestone.E)Sandstone.F)Shale.17)Whichsedimentaryrockcontainsthesmallestclasts?A)Conglomerate.B)Evaporites.C)Limestone.D)Sandstone.E)Shale.18)Whichoftheserocksisnotdetrital(clastic)?A)Arkose.长石砂岩B)Breccia.C)Dolostone.D)Graywacke.杂砂岩E)Quartzsandstone.19)Whatsequenceofrocktypeswillshalepassthroughwithsuccessivelyhighergradesofmetamorphism?A)Shale,phyllite,gneiss,schist,slate,partialmelting.B)Shale,phyllite,gneiss,slate,schist,partialmelting.C)Shale,phyllite,slate,schist,gneiss,partialmelting.D)Shale,slate,phyllite,gneiss,schist,partialmelting.E)Shale,slate,phyllite,schist,gneiss,partialmelting.20)Whattypeofmetamorphismexhibitshightemperaturebutlowpressure?AA)Contactmetamorphism.B)Faultzonemetamorphism.C)Regionalmetamorphism.Chapter3Geologictime1.Whatisrelativedating?CA)Goingonadatewithasibling兄弟orcousin堂兄.B)Establishingthatsomethinghappenedaverylongtimeago.C)Establishingasequenceofevents.D)Placingaspecificdateonanevent.E)Theconceptofradioactivity.2.Ifadikeprotrudesthroughseverallayersofrock,whatcanweconclude?DA)Abatholith岩基residesnearby.B)Avolcanoresidesnearby.C)Thedikeformedbeforetherocklayers.D)Therocklayersformedbeforethedike.E)Therocklayersareigneous.3.Whatisanunconformity?AA)Asedimentarysurfacethatrepresentsatimegapinthesedimentaryrecord.B)Anoffset补偿ofsedimentarylayersalongafault.C)Theboundarybetweentworocktypessuchassandstoneandshale.D)Thetopofananticlinalfold背斜.E)Tilted(non-horizontal)strata.4.Ifsandstoneincontactwithagranitecontainsfragmentsofthegranite,whatcanyouinfer?CA)Thesandstoneandgranitearethesameage.B)Thegraniteisyoungerthanthesandstone.C)Thegraniteisolderthanthesandstone.D)Thegranitewasintrudedintothesandstone..5.Whichofthefollowingisnotgenerallypartoftheformationofanangularunconformity?EA)Erosion.B)Folding.C)Marineregression海退.D)Marinetransgression海进.E)Metamorphism.6.Whichprinciplefrequentlyusesdikesandfaultsforestablishingsequencesofevents?AA)Cross-cuttingrelations.B)Faunalsuccession.C)Inclusions.D)Originalhorizontality.E)Superposition.7.Whichofthefollowingdatingprocessesismostaccurateforcalculatingtheagetheearth?BA)Heatlossfromearth.B)Radioisotopedating.C)Rateoferosion.D)Saltinessoftheocean.E)Superposition.8)Whatconditionseffectthedecayrateofradioisotopes?FA)Bondingcharacteristics.B)Ionization.C)Pressure.D)Temperature.E)Alloftheabove.F)Noneoftheabove.9)Whatdoestheterm'halflife'referto?DA)Halfthetimerequiredforanatomofagivenradioisotopetodecay.B)Halfthetimerequiredforalltheatomsofagivenradioisotopetodecay.C)Thetimerequiredforadecayinguraniumatomtomovehalfwaytowardbecominglead.D)Thetimerequiredforhalftheatomsofagivenradioisotopetodecay.E)Thetimerequiredforhalfofthenuclearmaterialtoleaveanatom.10)Whattimeunitsareeras代subdividedinto?DA)Days.B)Eons.C)Epochs.D)Periods.E)Years.Chapter4platetectonic1.Whichlayeroftheearth'sinteriorisliquid?DA)CrustB)InnercoreC)MantleD)OutercoreE)Alloftheabove2.Whatportionoftheearth'svolumeisoccupiedbythemantle?EA)20%B)35%C)50%D)65%E)80%3.Whatisthelith