IFA国际肥料协会化肥术语中英文(英语)对照

中化化肥有限公司参考学习资料中化化肥有限公司全心全意为中国农民服务全国免费服务电话：800-810-9991上传者联系方式电子信箱：[e-mail]1IFA化肥术语（中英对照）一、肥料施用及相关词汇一年施肥一次每年都供给作物每年所需肥料的体系（而不是更久的时间间隔）。AnnualapplicationAsysteminwhichtheannualfertilizerrequirementsofthecroparegiveneachyear(ratherthanatlongerintervals).防结块处理与肥料结合的物质或者颗粒肥料表面处理能够防结块Anti-cakingagentSubstanceincorporatedinorappliedassurfacetreatmenttogranularfertilizertopreventcaking.施用包括把肥料施用在地里、作物、草地、森林等ApplicationGeneraltermforputtingfertilizeronfields,crops,grassland,forestsetc…施用率单位面积施用肥料的重量（液体肥料通常为体积）ApplicationrateWeightoffertilizer(forliquidsoftenvolume)appliedperunitarea.秋季施肥在冬季播种之前施肥，通常磷钾肥和部分氮肥作为基肥。AutumnfertilizationApplicationoffertilizersbeforethewintersowing,frequentlyasbasicPKfertilization,alsoasNstaterfertilization.施肥肥料的施用DressingAnapplicationoffertilizer.肥料灌溉在灌溉水中溶解入化肥FertigationApplicationoffertilizerdissolvedinirrigationwater.施肥施用肥料来促进作物生长和提高土壤肥力的任何或所有方面.FertilizationAnyorallaspectsoftheuseoffertilizerstoimprovecropgrowthandsoilfertility.施肥计划考虑了所有的相关作物、土壤和气候因素以后，为某块地、某一作物制定的完整的施肥推荐FertilizerplanThefield-by-fieldandcrop-by-cropfertilizerrecommendationsforacompletefarmarrivedatafterconsiderationofallrelevantcrop,soilandclimaticfactors.推荐施肥对施用肥料类型以及施用量的建议。考虑土壤分析和/或其他作物和土壤信息。FertilizerrecommendationAdviceonspecifiedtypeandamountoffertilizertobeappliedtakingaccountofsoilanalysisand/orotherinformationonthecropandsoil.注入与肥料一起混合或喷施少量的微量元素、杀虫剂、杀菌剂。一般在大批混合的时候使用，也可以用在使用过程中允许肥料注入的设备。ImpregnationMixingorsprayingasmallamountofamicronutrient,herbicide,fungicideorinsecticidewithoronafertilizer.Normallycarriedoutduringbulkblendingoperationsbutalsobyusingequipmentthatpermitsimpregnationofthefertilizerduringapplication.结合肥料施用于土壤表面的耕作措施就是与土壤混合。IncorporationCulturaloperationbywhichfertilizerappliedtothesurfaceofthesoilismixedwiththesoil.注入将肥料以注入的方式施入土壤表层以下；通常指无水氨用这种方式施用以避免气体挥发损失。InjectionPlacementoffertilizerbelowthesoilsurfacebyinjection;usuallyreferstoapplicationofanhydrousammoniainthiswaytoavoidgaseousloss.中化化肥有限公司参考学习资料中化化肥有限公司全心全意为中国农民服务全国免费服务电话：800-810-9991上传者联系方式电子信箱：[e-mail]2后期施肥在一年生作物的生长后期施肥，主要是施氮以提高作物籽粒中的蛋白质含量。LatefertilizationApplicationoffertilizersduringadvancedgrowthofannualcrops,mostlyNforhigherproteincontentinthegrain.石灰需求需要施用石灰来获得特定的pH。LimerequirementThelimeapplicationrateneededtobringthesoiltoaspecifiedpH.石灰施用石灰（一般以钙为主，但有时也包括镁）的施用通常是为了提高土壤物理性状（pH，结构），但有时也用来提高肥力。LimingTheapplicationoflimingmaterials(usuallyCa-based,butsometimesincludingMg),usuallytoimprovesoilphysicalproperties(pH,structure)butsometimesalsoimprovingchemicalfertility.地方化施用见施用LocalizedapplicationSee.Placement.基础施肥施肥以保持土壤肥力MaintenanceapplicationFertilizerappliedtomaintainthechemicalfertilityofthesoil.矿质改善施用无机物以提高土壤物理性状，如施用石膏Mineralamendment(Amendment)Inorganicmaterialappliedtoimprovethephysicalstateofthesoil,e.g.gypsum.过量施肥施肥量过高，作造成物减产Over-fertilizationLeveloffertilizationtoohighresultinginayielddepression.残余效应持续供应作物养分的化肥或农肥的效果通常在施用至少一年后还会存在。ResidualeffectTheeffectofafertilizerormanureincontinuingtoprovideplantnutrientsusuallywhenatleastayearhaspassedsinceapplication.残余价值残余养分的量来自于肥料和作物收获后残留在土壤中的部分。ResidualvalueQuantificationofresidualplantnutrientsderivedfromfertilizerandremaininginthesoilafterthecrophasbeenharvested.保持区养分集中在肥料施用的土壤区RetentionzoneSoilzonewherenutrientsareconcentratedfollowingafertilizerapplication.分期施用生长期内肥料分两次或多次施用的一个体系SplitapplicationAsystemofapplicationinwhichfertilizerisappliedattwoormoregrowthstages.春季施肥冬季作物和夏季作物在2、3、4月开始生长的时候进行施肥SpringfertilizationFertilizerapplicationonwinterandsummercropsatthebeginningofgrowthinthemonthsFebruary,March,April.启动施肥部分一年一次的肥料在种子附近或伴随种子一起带状施用，以获得早期的快速生长StarterapplicationBandplacementofpartoftheannualfertilizerapplicationnearorwiththeseedtogiverapidearlygrowth.启动肥料含有容易被植物吸收的一定量养分，能使作物幼苗快速生长的肥料，一般施于种子附近。StarterfertilizerFertilizercontainingreadilyavailableplantnutrientsinamountssuitableforrapidearlygrowthofthecropandgenerallyplacedclosetotheseed.储存在施用前，或多或少的肥料供应。储存条件必须满足安全要求和预防产品StorageTheholdingofasupplyoffertilizer,inlargeorsmallquantities,untilitisneededforapplication.The中化化肥有限公司参考学习资料中化化肥有限公司全心全意为中国农民服务全国免费服务电话：800-810-9991上传者联系方式电子信箱：[e-mail]3变坏。conditionsofstoragemustmeetsafetyrequirementsandguardagainstproductdeterioration.施茬肥作物收获后但在土壤耕作前施用肥料StubblefertilizationApplicationoffertilizersdirectlyaftergrainharvestbutbeforesoilcultivation.追肥不和任何形式结合的施肥方式，通常用于草地或已建成的作物。top-dressingApplicationnotfollowedbyincorporation,usuallytograsslandoranestablishedcrop.变速施用根据土壤养分水平，施肥器在田间移动时改变养分施入速率。也叫定位精确施肥Variable-rateapplicationVariationofnutrientapplicationratesastheapplicatormovesacrossthefield,accordingtochangesofthenutrientlevelsinthesoil.Alsocalledsite-specificapplication.挥发化肥、土壤或有机肥中一种物质以气态的形式损失，如氨水（氨气挥发）或氮气或氮氧化物（反硝化作用）VolatilizationGaseouslossofasubstancefromthesoilorfromfertilizerormanure,e.g.asammonia(ammoniavolatilization)oraselementalnitrogenoroxidesofnitrogen(denitrification).二、土壤科学及相关词汇酸化土壤pH值降低是由于阳离子(主要是Ca2+和Mg2+)淋溶或者被作物吸收带走引起的AcidificationThereductioninpHofthesoilbroughtaboutbyremovalofcations(mainlyCa2+andMg2+)byleachingorremovalinthecrop.保护地至少有30%地表面被作物残体所覆盖