搜索
1/16精锐教育1对3辅导讲义学员姓名：学科教师：年级：八年级辅导科目：英语授课日期时间主题被动语态学习目标1.掌握被动语态的基本概念及主动变被动的解题步骤和技巧；2.在具体语境中熟练运用被动语态教学内容1、互动探索教学建议：1、引导学生用主动语态和被动语态描述前四幅图中的情景；2、让学生用被动语态说出后四幅图中的情景。2/16IBuyComputerThomasEdisonInventLightStudentsplanttreesTheGreatWallBuildChinesepeople3/16被动语态教学建议：1、引导学生分析主动语态与被动语态的区别【知识梳理1】语态的基本概念：语态是表示句子中主语和谓语动词之间的关系的术语。英语中只有两个语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。例：Ihavereturnedthemagazinestothelibrary.Themagazineshavebeenreturnedtothelibrary.Thestudentscleanedtheirclassroomafterschooleveryday.Theclassroomiscleanedbythestudentsafterschooleveryday.【巩固练习】1.Heoftentellsusinterestingstories.(改为被动语态)We__________________interestingstoriesbyhim.Interestingstories__________________tousbyhim.2.Alotoftreesalongtheriverlastyear.A.plantedB.areplantedC.wereplanted5.Thetreesmustthreetimesaweek.A.waterB.iswateringC.bewateredD.watersKeys:areoftentold;areoftentold;C;C【知识梳理2】被动语态的构成教学建议：1.被动语态的关键点：be动词的变化2.老师师范讲解一般现在时的被动语态构成，然后由学生模仿变化其他时态的被动语态。1.被动语态的基本结构：be+动词的过去分词2.各种时态的主动、被动语态的结构：时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+done主动语态——动作执行者；被动语态——动作承受者4/16一般过去时didwas/were+done现在进行时am/is/are+doingam/is/are+beingdone现在完成时have/has+donehave/has+beendone一般将来时will/shall/begoingto+dowill/shall/begoingto+bedone过去进行时Was/were+doingwas/were+beingdone过去完成时had+donehad+beendone过去将来时would/should/begoingto+dowould/should/begoingto+bedone含有情态动词can/may/must+docan/may/must+bedone【巩固练习】1.TheheadmasterpraisedBenforhishonesty.(改为被动语态）Ben__________________forhishonesty_________theheadmaster.2.Thefiremenareusinglongladdersforrescuingpeopleintallbuildings.(改为被动语态)Longladdersforrescuingpeopleintallbuildingsbythefiremen.3.MotherwillbuyJackanewshirt.(改为被动语态）AnewshirtJackbyMother.4.Youhadbettertakethewoundedsoldierstohospitalatonce.(改为被动语态）Thewoundedsoldiershadbettertohospitalatonce.5.Theadultstellthechildrennottoswiminthatdeepriver.(改为被动语态）Thechildrennottoswiminthatdeepriver.6.CansomeagedChineseunderstandRussian?(改为被动语态）CanbysomeagedChinese?7.Thebossmadetheemployeesworktenhoursaday.(改为被动语态）Theemployeesweremadetenhoursaday.8.Wholooksafterthechildreninthekindergarten?(改为被动语态）Bythechildrenafterinthekindergarten?.9.TheSpringFestivaliswelcomedbytheChineseallovertheworld.(改为主动语态)TheChineseallovertheworldtheSpringFestival.10.Thepriceofmeathasrisenfromtenyuantofifteenyuanrecently.(保持原句意思)Thepriceofmeatfromtenyuantofifteenyuanrecently.Keys:1.waspraised，by2.arebeingused3.willbeboughtfor4.betaken5.aretold6.Russianbeunderstood7.towork8.whomare,looked9.welcome10.hasbeenraised【知识梳理3】被动语态的句法功能教学建议：1.老师通过图示演示主动变被动的过程，2.给出主动句子，让学生把句子转换成被动语态。5/161.当不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。e.g.:Japaneseistaughtinthatschool.(类似中文的“饭吃过了”，英汉说话习惯的相似性)2.当需要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时。e.g.:Herbookwillbebroughttomorrowmorning.看图学知识，来发挥你的潜力吧，找到主动变被动语态的小技巧！！总结：上面例句的小规律：△主动语态变为被动语态的方法：主动语态：主语+谓语动词+宾语（执行者）（承受者）被动语态：主语+be+过去分词（+by+执行者）（承受者）一般省略【巩固练习】6/161.Children(notallow)toplayfrighteninggames.2.Atlastthetwopictures(hang)sidebyside.3.TheGreatWall(know)bypeopleallovertheworld.4.Allthebuildings(turn)intohospitalsrecently.5.Howlongcanthesemagazines(keep)?6.Thevegetables(plant)inthefieldsnextweek.7.Thesoldierwasveryillwhenhe(operate)onbyDr.Bethune.8.Thepasswordofyouremailboxshould(memorize)..9.Liquidscan(turn)intogasesiftheirtemperatures(make)hotenough.10.Thenextmorningthey(find)thatsometrees(blow)downduringthenight.Keys:1.arenotallowed2.werehung3.isknown4.havebeenturned5.bekept6.willbeplanted7.wasbeingoperated8.bememorized9.turn(beturned)，aremade10.found,wereblown【知识梳理4】主动语态和被动语态的转换1.主动语态变为被动语态①要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。②把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格代词变成宾格代词，并由by引导。③谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。WeaskedhimtosinganEnglishsong.HewasaskedtosinganEnglishsongbyus.主动语态：动作执行者+谓语动词主动形式+动作承受者被动语态：动作承受者+谓语动词被动形式+动作执行者批注：主动，主动，主去动；被动，被动，主被动。2.带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态教学建议：1.让学生了解什么叫双宾语及宾语补足语并举例说明；2.给出具体例句让学生来变成被动。①谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，也可以将直接宾语转化成主语；②若将间接宾语转化成主语，则保留直接宾语；③若将直接宾语转化成主语则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for；Shegavemeabook.(变为被动语态)Iwasgivenabookbyher.（间接宾语me改为了主语）Abookwasgiventomebyher.（直接宾语abook改为了主语）备注：此语法点应多呈现后接双宾语的动词详细讲解并加强练习。如：bring,take,send,show等7/163.动词短语变为被动语态许多由不及物动词和介词、副词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。Weshouldspeaktooldmenpolitely.Oldmenshouldbespokentopolitely.4.带宾语补足语的被动语态宾语后若有宾补，变被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语保留在原处，成为主语补足语。IheardJaneplayingthepianoinherroom.Janewasheardplayingthepianoinherroom.5.变被动语态后动词形式的选择主动句中的感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice等，及使役动词let,make,have等后跟省略to的不定式，变为被动句时，应加上不定式符号to.Hemakesthegirlstayathome.Thegirlismadetostayathomebyhim.备注：一感二听三让四看，变被动还原to.【例题精讲】【例1】Manyaccidents_________bycarelessdriverslastyear.A.arecausedB.werecausedC.havecausedD.willcause【答案】B【例2】Drivingafterdrinkingwine_________inChina.A.allowsB.doesn'tallowC.isallowedD.isn'tallowed【答案】D【例3】Manytreesandflowers_________inourcityeveryyear.A.plantedB.areplantedC.wereplantedD.plants【答案】B【巩固练习】1.TheSpringFestival_________inJanuaryorFebruary.A.celebratesB.iscelebratedC.celebratedD.wascelebrated2.Softdrinks_________tochildrenforfreeinsomerestaurantsonChildren'sDay.A.offerB.haveofferedC.areofferedD.willbeoffe