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同源学府————用心做教育Abilityiswhatyou’recapableofdoing.Motivationdetermineswhatyoudo.Attitudedetermineshowwellyoudoit.1it的用法及强调结构I.作代词1.用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物（是同一物）。Mypenismissing.Ican’tfinditanywhere.Iwasdisappointedwiththefilm.Ihadexpectedittobemuchbetter.2.代词it有时不特指某件东西，而代表前面提到的整个事情。Tom’smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,butitdidn’thelp.(but连接两个并列分句，而不是非限制性定语从句，用it)Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.（前面用逗号隔开，没有并列连词，是非限制性定语从句，which指代前面整个主句所表达的内容，用which不用it）3.用来代替指示代词this,that.---What’sthis?---It’sabook.4.表示时间、距离、天气、价值等。It’steno’clocknow.（指时间）---Howfarisitfromheretothestation?---It'sabouttwokilometers.（指距离）Itisrathercoldtoday,isn'tit?（指天气）---What'sthecostofthedictionary?---Itistwentydollars.（指价值）5.可用来指做某个动作的人或与某事有关系的人。----Whoismakingsuchanoise?---Itmustbethechildren.II.引导词it1.作形式主语，代替由不定式短语、动名词短语或从句表示的真正主语。ItisdifficultforaforeignertolearnChinese.Itisnousearguingwithhim.Itisnogoodgoingthere.Itworriedherabitthatherhairwasturninggray.2.作形式宾语，代替由不定式短语、动名词短语或从句表示的真正宾语(这些宾语之后有宾补，才可这样用，否则不行)。同源学府————用心做教育Abilityiswhatyou’recapableofdoing.Motivationdetermineswhatyoudo.Attitudedetermineshowwellyoudoit.2Hethoughtitnousedoingthat.Hefeelsithisdutytohelpothers.Theywanttomakeitcleartothepublicthattheydoanimportantandnecessaryjob.注意：it作形式宾语还有一种特殊用法，少数动词：如like,love,enjoy,dislike,hate,appreciate,don’tmind等或包含介词的动词短语：如seeto（负责）,dependon（依靠）,befondof,feellike等，后接宾语从句,必须先由it担任形式宾语,再接从句，常见的句型有：Ilike(enjoy,hate…)itwhen….Iwouldappreciateitif……seeto(dependon…)itthat…I’llseetoitthateverythingisready.我将负责把一切都准备好。IhateitwhenIhavetospeakinFrenchonthephone.I’dappreciateitifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.3.用在强调结构中，其结构为：Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who-clause1).可以强调主语、宾语或状语；it本身没有词义，只用来构成这个句型；指现在用is,指过去用was;that可以指物，也可以指人，who只用来指人，偶尔也用whom指人（强调宾语时）。Yesterdayhemetanoldfriendinthepark.强调主语：Itwashethat/whometanoldfriendintheparkyesterday.强调宾语：Itwasanoldfriendthat/whohemetintheparkyesterday.强调时间状语：Itwasyesterdaythathemetanoldfriendinthepark.强调地点状语：Itwasintheparkthathemetanoldfriendyesterday.2).强调句型的基础知识：①.强调地点状语不用where，时间状语不用when，方式状语不用how，原因状语不用why，都要用that.Itwasforthisreasonthatheleftthatschool.(原因状语)Itwasinthiswaythathesolvedtheproblem.（方式状语）②.也可以是状语从句被强调：ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsthatIbegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.（时间状语从句）Itwasbecauseshegotuplatethatshedidn’tcatchthefirstbus.（原因状语从句）③.被强调部分如果是原句的主语，who/that后的谓语在人称和数上应和原句的主语一致。ItisMarywhooftendoesgooddeeds.同源学府————用心做教育Abilityiswhatyou’recapableofdoing.Motivationdetermineswhatyoudo.Attitudedetermineshowwellyoudoit.3④.强调句型可以是个否定句：ItwasnotIthatmetyourfatherinthestreet.⑤.判断一个句子是否是强调句的方法：如果将句中的Itis/was…that/who去掉，经整理后还是一个完整的句子，本句就是强调句，否则，就不是。Itwasintoday’snewspaperthatwefoundthenews.Wefoundthenewsintoday’snewspaper.(句子意思完整，所以上句是强调句)⑥.强调一般疑问句中的某一个成分时，要用一般疑问句的语序，把is/was提前。DidthishappeninBeijing?→WasitinBeijingthatthishappened?Wasn’tithethathadmadeamistake?⑦.特殊疑问句只有疑问词可以强调：疑问词+is/wasit+that-clause?Wherewereyouborn?→Wherewasitthatyouwereborn?⑧.强调句型的系动词除了用is/was外，还可以在其前面加上may/might/must等表示推测的情态动词。Itmightbehimthatyoumetyesterday.⑨.在被强调的部分后接定语从句，使句子结构更加复杂。ItwasinBeihaiPark_____theymadeadateforthefirsttime_____theoldcoupletoldustheirlovestory.A.where,thatB.that,thatC.where,whenD.that,when选A.第一个空后是定语从句，缺地点状语，用where,第二个空才是强调句型的that.又如：ItwasonJuly7th,1975whenhewasbornthathisfatherdied.4.not...until...的强调句型：Itis/wasnotuntil＋时间状语＋that-clauseNotuntil+时间状语+（主句的）倒装句Ididn’trealizeshewasafilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglass.→ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafilmstar.→NotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesdidIrealizeshewasafilmstar.注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till和until可通用。因为句型中Itis/wasnot...已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句。5.谓语动词的强调同源学府————用心做教育Abilityiswhatyou’recapableofdoing.Motivationdetermineswhatyoudo.Attitudedetermineshowwellyoudoit.4如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/does或did。Docomeagain.Hedidwritetoyoulastweek.Dobecarefulwhenyoucrossthestreet.注意：此种强调只用do/does和did，没有别的形式；过去时用did，后面的谓语动词用原形。III.常见考点及热点问题1.把强调句型与非强调句型弄混Itwaseleveno’clock_____theywentoutofthecinema.Itwasateleveno’clock_____theywentoutofthecinema.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich选C、B第一个句子中的eleveno’clock作表语，而非时间状语，这不是一个强调句型，when引导的是时间状语从句。第二个句子多了介词at,ateleveno’clock作时间状语，这是一个强调句型，因此选B。下面这两个句子也是强调句型：Itwasaftereleveno’clockthattheywentoutofthecinema.Itwasbeforeeleveno’clockthattheywentoutofthecinema.再比较下面这两个句子：Itisautumnwhenleavesfall.(非强调句型)Itisinautumnthatleavesfall.（强调句型）选出正确选项：1).Itwillsoonbefiveyears______wecametoliveinCairo.A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.as选C。此题不是考查强调句，而是考查since的用法，句意为“我们来到开罗居住快五年了”。又如：Itistwoyearssinceheleftthecountry.他离开这个国家已经两年了。2).“Wasithere_____youwereawaytalkingtoafriend?”“Sure.ButwhenIgotbackthere,itwasgone.”A.thatB.whileC.whichD.where选B。此题不是考查强调句，而是考查while的用法，while在此表示“在……期间”，句意为：当你离开去跟朋友说话的时候它在这儿吗？2.特殊疑问句的强调句型1)._____youmetwithMr.Greenforthefirsttime?同源学府————用心做教育Abilityiswhatyou’recapableofdoing.Motivationdetermineswhatyoudo.Attitudedetermineshowwellyoudoit.5A.WhenitwasthatB.WasitwhenthatC.WhenwasitthatD.Wasitthatwhen选C。特殊疑问句的强调句型：疑问词+is/wasit+that-clause?2).Atthepressconference,manyforeignreporters