微生物对砷的地球化学行为的影响_暨地下水砷污染机制的最新研究进展

21120061ADVANCESINEARTHSCIENCEVol.21No.1Jan.,2006:100128166(2006)01200772063(,100050):,,,,As(V)As(III)(DissimilatoryArsenate2RespiringProkaryote,DARP)As(V)As(III),(ChemoautotrophicArseniteOxidizer,CAO)(HeterotrophicArseniteOxidizer,HAO)As(III)As(V),,,(Mono),CAODARP,,:;;:P593:A1250AlbertusMagnus33,,[1],20,14,12[2],()2000,[3],,,,,3600[4],[2]50g/L10g/L,,[3]500050g/L[4],,,,,,[5],14:As(2III),3:2005203217;:2005207218.:(19692),,,,.E2mail:[e-mail](0),As(III)As(V),As(III)As(V),pH[6],,As(V),As(III),,(MonomethylarsonicAcid,MMAA)(DimethylarsinicAcid,DMAA)(Arsenobetaine)[7],,,(),(Bacteria)(Archaea)MMAADMAA,(AsH3)[8],DMAA[9],,,As(V)As(III),As(V)As(III)[10],As(0)As(2III),,,,As(V)As(III)As(III)As(V),(Dissim2ilatoryArsenate2RespiringProkaryote,DARP),(ChemoautotrophicArseniteOxidizer,CAO)(HeterotrophicArseniteOxidizer,HAO)[5]DARPAs(V)As(III),As(V),,As(V)As(V)[11]10,20DARP[12]As(V)As(V),Desulfotomaculumau2ripigmentumDesulfomicrobiumstrainBen2RBSulfurospiril2lumbarnesii,Fe(III)(DMSO)[13],()CAOAs(III),As(III),CO2HAOAs(III)As(V),As(III),,,As(V)As(III)[5],As(III)As(III),(),ThermusAs(III)100[14]As(III)(Bacillusarsenoxi2dans)1918;,930[5],HAO,CAO,,,2,(1)[7],[15],(),(),((CH3)3As),,(),,,87211Fig.1Theglobalarsenicgeocycle(3.2)110g/L,18g/L,0.11101[2],,(MMAADMAA),,99%,MMAA,[7]33.1,,,(1mol/L),,,,/,[16](=200mol/L),pH9.8,90g/L,,(As(III)As(V)),,,,,,As(III),,As(V)(2,)[5],[17]DARP,14.2%CO2DARP,As(V)[18]DARP102103/mL(,)[18],DARP971:Bacillusarsenicoselenatis(E1H)B.selenitire2ducens(MLS10),,60g/L,pH9.5[19]CAOMLHE21Ectothiorhodospira,As(III)As(V),As(III),,As(III)[20],CAOCAODARPAs(V),Oremland[5](2,):,DARP()H2,As(V)As(III),CAOFe(III),As(III)As(V),CO2(CH2O)2Fig.2ThechemicalspeciationofarsenicinthestratifiedwatercolumnofMonolake,California3.2,,,As(III)[21][4]:;;();;1Table1Arsenicpollutioningroundwaterallovertheworld/(g/L)3000000012500/6000000103200/10000001305015000150001000002000001018201000006000001240050040750200000019900,,4000001001000,,,4000008620,,4000002176,500001100150000-,()()(1)[4],As(V),Ferrihydrite(FeOOH),Al(OH)3,As(),[5]:(Pyrite),()As(V),(),As(V)[22,23],CO2,,08212[12],Oremland[5](3)As(III),CAOHAOAs(III),,CO2,As(V)(Ferrihydrite),,DARPAs(V),As(III)3Fig.3Mechanismofarsenicmobilizationinsubsurfaceaquifermediatedbybacteria,DARP[5]Harvey[23],,,As(III),MLHE21(CAO),,,,Fe(III)Fe(II)As(V)[24]Islam[25],Fe(III)As(V),()4,,,,,,,,(References):[1]CullenWR,ReimerKJ.Arsenicspeciationintheenvironment[J].ChemicalReviews,1989,89:7132764.[2]MandalBK,SuzukiKT.Arsenicroundtheworld:Areview[J].Talanta,2002,58:2012235.[3]NgJC,WangJ,ShraimA.Aglobalhealthproblemcausedbyarsenicfromnaturalsources[J].Chemosphere,2003,52:135321359.[4]NordstromDK.Worldwideoccurrencesofarsenicingroundwater[J].Science,2002,296:214322144.[5]OremlandRS,StolzJF.TheEcologyofArsenic[J].Science,2003,300:9392944.[6]TallmanDE,ShaikhAU.Redoxstabilityofinorganicarsenic(III)andarsenic(V)inaqueoussolution[J].AnalyticalChem2istry,1980,52:1992201.[7]MukhopadhyayR,RosenBP,PhungLT,etal.Microbialarse2nic:Fromgeocyclestogenesandenzymes[J].FEMSMicrobiolo2gyReview,2002,26:3112325.[8]BissenM,FrimmelFH.Arsenicareview.PartI:Occurrence,toxicity,speciation,mobility[J].ActaHydrochimicaetHydrobio2logica,2003,31(1):9218.[9]DembitskyVM,RezankaT.Naturaloccurrenceofarsenocom2poundsinplants,lichens,fungi,algalspecies,andmicroorgan2isms[J].PlantScience,2003,165:117721192.[10]CroalLR,GralnickJA,MalasarnD,etal.Thegeneticsofgeo2181:chemistry[J].AnnualReviewofGenetics,2004,38:1752202.[11]AhmannD,RobertsAL,KrumholzLR,etal.Microbegrowsbyreducingarsenic[J].Nature,1994,371:750.[12]OremlandRS,StolzJF.Arsenic,microbesandcontaminatedaquifers[J].TrendsinMicrobiology,2005,13:45249.[13]OremlandRS,BlumJS,BindiAB,etal.Simultaneousreduc2tionofnitrateandselenatebycellsuspensionsofselenium2respi2ringbacteria[J].AppliedandEnvironmentalMicrobiology,1999,65(10):438524392.[14]GihringTM,BanfieldJF.Arseniteoxidationandarsenaterespi2rationbyanewThermusisolate[J].FEMSMicrobiologyLetters,2001,204(2):3352340.[15]NriaguJO.Arsenicintheenvironment:Humanhealthandeco2systemeffects[A].In:AdvancesinEnvironmentalScienceandTechnology[C].NewYork:JohnWileyandSons,1994:27.[16]OremlandRS,StolzJF,HollibaughJT.ThemicrobialarseniccycleinMonolake,California[J].FEMSMicrobiologyEcolo2gy,2004,48:15227.[17]HumayounSB,BanoN,HollibaughJT.DepthdistributionofmicrobialdiversityinMonolake,ameromicticsodalakeinCali2fornia[J].AppliedandEnvironmentalMicrobiology,2003,69:103021042.[18]OremlandRS,DowdlePR,HoeftS,etal.Bacterialdissimila2toryreductionofarsenateandsulfateinmeromicticMonolake,California[J].GeochimicaetCosmochimicaActa,2000,64(18):307323084.[19]SwitzerBlumJ,BurnsBindiA,BuzzelliJ,etal.Bacillusarsen2icoselenatissp.nov.,andBacillusselenitireducenssp.nov:TwohaloalkaliphilesfromMonoLake,Californiathatrespireoxy2anionsofseleniumandarsenic[J].ArchivesofMicrobiology,1998,171:19230.[20]OremlandRS,HoeftSE,SantiniJM,etal.Anaerobicoxida2tionofarseniteinMonolakewaterandbyafacultative,arsenite2oxidizingchemoautotroph,strainMLHE21[J].AppliedandEn2vironmentMicro